BIO 101 Chapter 13: Unit 13

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rosepanda334

22 Jan 2017

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48. 1: what is a neuron? a. the nerve cells that transfer information within the body. List the three types and give their location and functions. a. Sensory neuron: transmit information about external stimuli such as light, touch, or smell, or internal conditions such as blood pressure or muscle tension; such as in the snail"s siphon. Include cns(components), pns(components), parasympathetic, sympathetic, autonomic and somatic. 48. 2: all cells have a membrane potential across their plasma membrane. What is the typical resting potential of a neuron: between -60 and -80 mv (millivolts, understand the membrane of a neuron. List the three transport proteins embedded in the membrane indicating what is transported and whether it is active or passive. Sodium-potassium pump: uses atp to transport 3 na+ out of the cell for every 2 k+ that it transports in; active a: potassium channel: allows diffusion of k+ out of cell; passive c.

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1. The autonomicnervous system consists of a _________ neuron chain that branchesinto the periphery. <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

2. There are twodivisions of the ANS, the parasympathetic and the sympathetic. Theparasympathetic division __________ body energy requirements and ismost active during________________. The sympathetic divisiongenerally enables the body to use stored energy and is activeduring ______________.

3. Compared to thesomatic nervous system, the first neuron in the ANS is ___________myelinated. The second order neuron is generally un____________.

4. The second orderneuron in the chain that innervates the adrenal glands is reallythe release of NE and Epi into the ____________________.

5. The __________nerve is the parasympathetic branch that innervates the heart aswell as a majority of other visceral organs.

6. The first orderneuron in the ANS chain almost always releases ________________into the synapse. The NTs released from the second order neurons ofthe sympathetic division are usually ________________ and___________________, while the second order neuron of the PNSusually releases _____________________.

7. Theparasympathetic division is sometimes called the _______________division because of the location from which the nerves arise.

8. The sympatheticdivision is sometimes called the _______________ division becauseof the location from which the nerves arise.

9. Which nervecarries about 90% of all parasympathetic traffic?

10. Most tissues/organs arecontinuously innervated by the ANS, that is, they have ____________tone.

11. The ANS regulatesunconscious processes that maintain _____________________, a termcoined by Walter Canon.

12. List and understand thethree different routes for preganglionic neurons in the sympatheticbranch.

13. Compare and contrast theneuronal divergence (pre- to postganglionic neurons) of the PNS andthe SNS. What does this mean? How does the adrenal gland and itmedullary secretions affect these contrasting effects?

14. The ganglions in the PNSare __________ to the effector organs than the ganglions in theSNS. Considering myelination, how does this affect speed oftransmission between the two systems?

15. List the receptor typesfor Ach and NE. Which are usually excitatory, inhibitory orboth?

16. The smooth muscle aroundthe blood vessels is innervated by the sympathetic branch of theANS. What occurs to dilate those vessels?

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fuchsiatrout703

Animal Physiology-

1. Our case study included a variety of reflexes, some of which were autonomic reflexes. This means that motoroutput occurred at the level of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or secretory epithelial cells. Autonomic reflexescan be categorized according to the location where motor information exits the CNS. Consequently, thepupillary light reflex is a: (a) parasympathetic reflex (b) sympathetic reflex

11. Each retina contains a layer of ganglion cells. Axons from these neurons project into two regions on eachside of the body midline. Axons that enable vision project into the: (a) mibrain (b) thalamus (c) sensory cortex

13. Where does central integration occur for reflex turning of the head and the pupillary light reflex? (a) sensory cortex (b) midbrain (c) brainstem

16. Is every reflex associated with the head an autonomic reflex? yes or no

17. Is reflex turning of the head an autonomic reflex? yes or no

20. Sympathetic motor output exits the CNS only at the level of the: (a) brainstem and pelvic cord (b) thoracolumbar spinal cord (c) brainstem and cervical spinal cord

22. How many types of motor nuclei are found within the cord? (a) two, i.e. motor and autonomic (b) three, i.e. motor, sympathetic, and parasympathetic

23. How many motor nuclei are found at the level of the thoracolumbar cord? (a) four (b) two

31. Neurons within the intermediolateral nuclei are innervated by axons that project through the bulbospinalfiber tracts. These tracts originate within the: (a) motor cortex (b) midbrain (c) brainstem

33. Are the left and right paravertebral ganglion chains found along the length of the spinal cord? yes or no

magentatrout753

Question 1

A moderate increase in extracellular potassium will

		Increase heart rate due to a more negative E_K
		Decrease heart rate due to a more negative E_K
		Increase heart rate due to a less negative E_K
		Decrease heart rate due to a less negative E_K

Question 2

Apply Atropin will directly

		Decrease parasympathetic innervation and increase heart rate
		Increase parasympathetic innervation and decrease heart rate
		Decrease sympathetic innervation and increase heart rate
		Increase sympathetic innervation and decrease heart rate

Frog ECG is recorded using

		An electrical stimulator
		Three wires including the one that is connected to the hook
		A force transducer
		Three wires and a force transducer

Question 4

How would you differentiate atrial contractions fromventricular contractions?

	A.	Observe the heart beating and tap the table to label it
	B.	From the size of the contractions
	C.	Correlate it with the electrical trace, if the electrical traceis typical.
	D.	Both A and C

Question 5

In this week's experiment, _________signal(s) will be recordedto study the frog cardiac functions.

		mechanical (contractile)
		electrical (ECG)
		both mechanical and electrical
		blood flow

Question 6

In this week's experiment, the heart is hooked at the________

		either atrium or ventricle
		ventricle
		atrium

		sympathetic/increase
		parasympathetic/decrease
		Sympathetic/decrease
		parasympathetic/increase

Question 8

The frog heart can be slowed or stopped by over stimulation ofthe vagus nerve. When apply ACh to the heart, if the frog heartstop beating, you should

		Wash the heart with warm Ringers
		Apply a few drops of Isuprel
		Massage the heart
		All of the above
		Observe the trace and do nothing

Question 9

The pacemaker in the frog heart is the __________ and thepacemaker in the mammalian heart is the ________

		AV, SA node
		SV, SA node
		SA, SV node
		SA, SA node

Question 10

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the frogheart

		There is no autorhythmic cells found in the frog ventricle.
		Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are mixed completely insidethe frog ventricle
		There are two atria and two ventricles.
		Deoxygenated blood flows to the frog lungs and skin.

yellowbadger252

BIO 101 Chapter 13: Unit 13

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