BIO SCI 93 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Nuclear Membrane, Nuclear Lamina, Cell Fractionation
23 Oct 2018
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6.1 - Magnification: ratio of an object’s image size to its real size
- Cell fractionation: takes cell apart and separates major organelles and other subcellular
structures from one another.
- Centrifugal force causes components to settle in bottom
- faster= smaller, slower=bigger
- It allows researchers to prepare specific cell components in bulk and identify their
functions
6.2
Comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic
- All cells share basic features
- All are bounded by plasma membrane (selectie barrier)
- Allows passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the
entire cell.
- All contains chromosomes, which carry genes in form of DNA
- All have ribosomes, tiny complexes that make proteins according to instruction
from the gene.
- Major difference between pro and euk are location of DNA
- Eukaryote: most of DNA are contained in nucleus bounded by double membrane
- Eukaryotic means “true nucleus”
- Prokaryote: DNA is concentrated in region that is not bound called nucleoid
- Before nucleus
6.3
Nucleus
- Line by nuclear membrane, double membrane (bilayer)
- Pore complex: lines each pore and plays important role in the cell by regulating entry
and exits of proteins and RNA
- Nuclear lamina: a netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the
nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope.
Ribosomes
- Complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein, are cellular components that carry out
protein synthesis.
6.4
Endomembrane System
- Includes nuclear envelope, ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, various vesicles and
vacuoles, and plasma membranes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Exterior network of membranes that it accounts for more than half the total membranes
in eukaryotic cells.
- It consists of network of membranous tubules and sacs called cisternae
- Smooth ER: functions in diverse metabolic processes, which vary with cell type
- Synthesis of proteins, Metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and
poison, and storage of calcium ions
- ER Lumen: membrane that separates the internal compartment of the ER
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Document Summary
Magnification: ratio of an object"s image size to its real size. Cell fractionation: takes cell apart and separates major organelles and other subcellular structures from one another. Centrifugal force causes components to settle in bottom faster= smaller, slower=bigger. It allows researchers to prepare specific cell components in bulk and identify their functions. All are bounded by plasma membrane (selectie barrier) Allows passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell. All contains chromosomes, which carry genes in form of dna. All have ribosomes, tiny complexes that make proteins according to instruction from the gene. Major difference between pro and euk are location of dna. Eukaryote: most of dna are contained in nucleus bounded by double membrane. Prokaryote: dna is concentrated in region that is not bound called nucleoid. Line by nuclear membrane, double membrane (bilayer) Pore complex: lines each pore and plays important role in the cell by regulating entry and exits of proteins and rna.
