BIO 101 Chapter 13: Biology: Life on Earth With Physiology Chapter 13

When we use DNA to code for a protein, we call the process Transcription and Translation. Below are descriptions of processes that happen when we use DNA to code for a protein. Match the description of each process with the correct term - either Transcription or Translation.

1.A ribosome reads the mRNA and builds a protein from amino acids.
2.A copy is made of a gene in RNA
3.The primary transcript is modified: introns are removed and the transcript gets a cap and a tail
4.tRNA carries amino acids to a ribosome
5.The DNA unwinds, exposing the gene to be copied.

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

RNA has many different roles in gene expression. Check all thatapply.

mRNA defines the polypeptide to be formed

DNA defines the polypeptide to be formed

rRNA, along with proteins, forms the ribosome

mRNA delivers the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome

tRNA delivers the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome

Translation is appropriately named because the process transfersthe code from DNA to RNA, though in complementary fashion.

True

False

The template strand is to the sense strand as the coding strandis to the antisense strand.

True

False

The phenomenon symbolized by DNA → RNA → Protein is referred toas the Central Dogma because it is true for all organisms.

True

False

The reading frame refers to the selection of the correct tripletof nucleotides by selecting the correct beginning point. If thebeginning point is wrong, all nucleotides will be clustered intothe wrong codons.

True

False

Activating enzymes need to recognize only one anticodon.

True

False