APPH 1040 Chapter Notes - Chapter 15: Coronary Artery Disease, Peripheral Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris
23 Sep 2017
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Chapter 15- Preventing Cardiovascular Disease
o Cardiovascular disease- diseases of the heart and blood vessels
o Ideal cardiovascular health (ICH)- absence of clinical indicators of CVD and the presence
of certain behavioral and health factor metrics
o Behaviors
▪ Not smoking
▪ Sufficient physical activity
▪ Healthy diet
▪ Appropriate energy balance and normal body weight
o Health factors
▪ Having optimal total cholesterol without medication
▪ Having optimal blood pressure without medication
▪ Having optimal fasting blood glucose without medication
1. Describe the anatomy and physiology of the heart and circulatory system and the importance of
healthy heart function.
o Cardiovascular system – organ system, consisting of the heart and blood vessels, that
transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones, metabolic wastes, and enzymes throughout
the body
❖ The Heart: A Mighty Machine
▪ Atria- heart’s two upper chambers, which receive blood
▪ Ventricles- heart’s two lower chambers, which pump blood through the
blood vessels
o Heart Function
▪ 1. Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium after having been circulated
through body
▪ 2. From right atrium, blood moves to right ventricle and is pumped through
pulmonary artery to the lungs, where it receives oxygen
▪ 3. Oxygenated blood from the lungs then returns to the left atrium of the
heart
▪ 4. Blood from the left atrium moves into the left ventricle. The left ventricle
pumps blood through the aorta to all body parts.
▪ Arteries- vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other regions of the
body
▪ Arterioles- branches of the arteries
▪ Capillaries- minute blood vessels that branch out from the arterioles and
venules; their thin walls permit exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide,
nutrients, and waste products among body cells
▪ Veins- vessels that transport waste and carry blood back to the heart from
other regions of the body
▪ Venules- branches of the veins
▪ Sinoatrial node (SA node)- cluster of electric pulse- generating cells that
serves as a natural pacemaker for the heart
2. Explain the incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of cardiovascular disease in the United States,
including its impact on society.
o Sudden cardiac deaths- death that occurs as a result of abrupt, profound loss of heart
function
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