PHIL 201 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1 & 3: Modus Tollens, Modus Ponens, Hypothetical Syllogism
23 Sep 2016
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Chapter 1 - arguments, premises & conclusions: critical thinking: using rational standards to decide whether or not a belief is worth having. Tries to convince you that some statement is true. Is not an argument: standard form: an argument re-written simply, so that: premise + premise + = conclusion, reason markers: since, because, for, as, as shown by, conclusion markers: therefore, thus, so, then, hence, accordingly, consequently. Chapter 3 - deduction & induction: every argument has a conclusion that is reached by evidence & reasoning, deductive argument: provides logically conclusive support for its conclusion. In all cases, the conclusion is certain: inductive argument: provides probable support for its conclusion. The conclusion is certain to some degree of probability. It is possible to add a premise to the argument that would counter our belief in the truth of the premise.
