BIO374H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Swine Influenza, Pertussis, Cloning
Document Summary
Chapter 5: microbial biotechnology: the structure of microbes. Prokaryotes : 2 domains 1) bacteria & 2) archaea (single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms w/ properties unique from those of eukaryotes + bacteria) Archaea e. g. , halophiles ( salt), thermophiles ( temp. ) have different cellular structure very unique metabolic properties. Use of bacteria to study: much smaller than eukaryotic cells, simpler structure. [single circular chromosome (lacks his a. a), may contain plasmid dna; lack membrane-bound organelles; cell wall (composed of peptidoglycan ) different from plants (archaea cell wall does not contain peptidoglycan); some have capsule] Gram stain use dyes to stain bacterial cell wall. Gram pos. (purple) more peptidoglycan; simple cell wall. Gram neg. (pink) less peptidoglycan; complex cell wall. Bacteria do not form multicellular tissues like animal and plant cells. Plasmid dna often contains genes not essential for life. Easy to make mutant strains of bacteria for studies. Yeast single-celled eukaryotic microbes; kingdom fungi. Sources of antibiotics + drugs that lower blood cholesterol.
