CHEM101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Cryoscopic Constant, Hydrophile, Colligative Properties

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grayelephant135

4 Mar 2016

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Chemistry

Course

CHEM101

Professor

Dr.Singh

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Document Summary

Solution a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, in which one is called the solvent and the other is the solute. Solvent main medium, what is there in the largest quantity. Mass percent = mass solution/ total mass solution x 100% Molarity = moles solute/ total volume of solution. Useful for applications where the temperature (thus volume) of a solution changes. Defined as the number of moles of solute divided by the mass of the solvent in kg. Units are in mol/kg whereas molarity is mol/l. Miscible: when two liquids mix in all proportions (e. g. acetone and water) Immiscible: when two liquids do not mix at all (e. g. oil and water) Insoluble: when a solid does not dissolve in a solvent (nacl in gasoline) Saturated: a solution with the maximum possible solute concentration. 1. network solids (diamond, graphite) cannot dissolve without breaking covalent bonds. 3. metals do not dissolve in water (some will react, but not dissolve)

Related Questions

Questions: THANK YOU IN ADVANCE

1. WHAT IS THE TERM FOR THE CONCENTRATION EXPRESSION THAT RELATES THE MOLES OF SOLUTE DISSOLVED IN EACH LITER OF SOLUTION?

A. MOLARITY

B. MASS/MASS PERCENT

C. MOLALITY

D. PARTS PER MILLION

E. NONE OF THESE

2. WHAT IS THE TERM FOR A SOLUTION CONTAINING THE MAXIMUM SOLUTE THAT CAN DISSOLVE AT A GIVEN TEMPERATURE?

A. SATURATED

B. SUPERSATURATED

C. UNSATURATED

D. CONCENTRATED

E. NONE OF ABOVE

3. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ILLUSTRATES THE LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE RULE FOR TWO LIQUIDS?

A. a POLAR SOLUTE IS MISCIBLE W A NONPOLAR SOLVENT

B. A NONPOLAR SOLVENT IS MISCIBLE WITH A POLAR SOLVENT

C. A POLAR SOLUTE IS IMMISCIBLE WITH A POLAR SOLVENT

D. A NONPOLAR SOLUTE IS MISCIBLE WITH A NONPOLAR SOLVENT

E. NONE OF ABOVE

4. APPLY THE LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE RULE TO PREDICT WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING LIQUIDS IS MISCIBLE WITH WATER

A. ETHANOL, C2H5OH

B. TOLUENE, C7H8

C. CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, CCL4

D. ALL OF THESE

E. NONE OF THESE

5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INCREASES THE RATE OF DISSOLVING FOR A SOLID SOLUTE IN A SOLVENT?

A. HEATING THE SOLUTION

B. GRINDING THE SOLUTE

C. STIRRING THE SOLUTION

D. ALL OF THE ABOVE

E. NONE OF THE ABOVE

6. WHAT IS THE MASS OF SOLUTE DISSOLVED IN 10.0 G OF A 5.00% SUGAR SOLUTION?

A. 0.900g

B 9.50 g

C 0.500g

D 0.180 g

E 10.0 g

THANK YOU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Calculate the molality (m) of tetrahydrofuranin a solution produced by combining 3020 g of the solute C₄H₈O with5400 g of the solvent diethyl ether.

Molar Mass(g/mol)

C₄H₈O	72.12
(C₂H₅)₂O	74.12

Density(kg/m³):

C₄H₈O	889.2
(C₂H₅)₂O	713.8

Name/Formula:

tetrahydrofuran
C₄H₈O
diethyl ether
(C₂H₅)₂O

What volume (L) of the solvent acetone shouldbe mixed with0.320 L of the soluteCH₂Cl₂ to produce asolution that is 1.19 mmethylenechloride.

Molar Mass(g/mol)

CH₂Cl₂	84.93
(CH₃)₂CO	58.05

Density(g/mL):

CH₂Cl₂	1.327
(CH₃)₂CO	0.7899

Name/Formula:

methylene chloride
CH₂Cl₂
acetone
(CH₃)₂CO

Calculate the molality (m) of a 6630 g sample of a solution ofthe solute water dissolved in the solvent tetrahydrofuran if thesample contains 108 mol ofH₂O.

Molar Mass(g/mol)

H₂O	18.015
C₄H₈O	72.12

Density(kg/L):

H₂O	0.9982
C₄H₈O	0.8892

Name/Formula:

water
H₂O
tetrahydrofuran
C₄H₈O

A 2.64 m solution of the solute(CH₃)₂CO dissolvedin the solvent C₂H₅OH isavailable. Calculate the mass (kg) of the solution that must betaken to obtain 771 g ofacetone.

Molar Mass(g/mol)

(CH₃)₂CO	58.05
C₂H₅OH	46.07

Density(kg/L):

(CH₃)₂CO	0.7899
C₂H₅OH	0.7893

Name/Formula:

acetone
(CH₃)₂CO
ethanol
C₂H₅OH

What volume (mL) of the soluteC₆H₆ should be added to 3.74 Lof the solvent C₄H₈O to generate a solution thatis 0.698 m benzene.

Molar Mass(g/mol)

C₆H₆	78.12
C₄H₈O	72.12

Density(kg/L):

C₆H₆	0.8786
C₄H₈O	0.8892

Name/Formula:

benzene
C₆H₆
tetrahydrofuran
C₄H₈O

Calculate the molality (m) of acetone in asolution made by combining 1450 g of thesolute (CH₃)₂CO with9120 mL of the solventtetrahydrofuran.

Molar Mass(g/mol)

(CH₃)₂CO	58.05
C₄H₈O	72.12

Density(kg/m³):

(CH₃)₂CO	789.9
C₄H₈O	889.2

Name/Formula:

acetone
(CH₃)₂CO
tetrahydrofuran
C₄H₈O

7. Complete the following table:

Element Moles Mass Num

7. Complete the following table:

Element Moles Mass Number of molecules

13. It is the component that is in a solution, in smaller quantity.

a. Solution

b. Solvent

c. Solvent

d. Soluto

14. It is the component that is in a solution in greater quantity.

a. Solution

b. Solvent

c. Solvent

d. The answers b and c are correct.

15. The quantitative expression of the dissolved amount of solute in a quantity determined solvent is known as:

a. Solution

b. Volume

c. Concentration

d. Stoichiometry

16.Express the moles of solute among the liters of solution

a. Molality

b. Molarity

c. % weight by volume

d. % weight by weight

17.Express the moles of solute between kg of solvent

a. Molarity

b. ppm

c. ppt

d. Molality

18. What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 7.50 g of nitrate of magnesium, Mg (NO3) 2 in enough water to prepare 25.0 mL of solution?

a. 10.3 M

b. 5.6 M

c. 6.5 M

d. 2.03 M

19. How many grams of sodium chloride, NaCl are needed to prepare 125 mL of 0.037 M NaCl solution

a. 1.021 M

b. 0.268 M

c. 0.201 M

d. 0.500 M

20. Calculate the molality of a solution containing 12.5 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) dissolved in 135 g of water.

21. A solution of ethylene glycol contains 21.2 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) in 85.4 mL of water. Calculate the freezing point and the boiling point of the solution. (Assume the water density is 1.00 g / mL)

22. At what volume should you dilute 75 mL of a 10.0 M solution of H2SO4 to obtain a 1.75 M solution of H2SO4.

CHEM101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Cryoscopic Constant, Hydrophile, Colligative Properties

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