01:160:162 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Mole Fraction, Molality, Lattice Energy

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25 Jul 2017
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Every physical change and process has both enthalpy changes and entropy changes. Because ionic solutes dissociate into ions in solution. Hsolution = hsolute + hsolvent + hmix. Hsolvent + hmix = hhydration negative (exothermic) Solution will form due to entropy and enthalpy effects. Saturated solution a solution in which no additional solute can dissolve. The dissolved solute is in dynamic equilibrium with the solid/undissolved solute (ex. Nacl (s) na+ (aq) + cl- (aq) Na+ (aq) + cl- (aq) nacl (s) Two processes occurring at same time rate of dissolution = the rate of recrystallization. Unsaturated solution a solution in which more solute can dissolve. There is no undissolved solute, but no equilibrium exists (must add more solute) Supersaturated solution solution that contains more than the equilibrium amount of solute. Very unstable solution in which precipitation happens very easily. Solid solutes tend to be more soluble under higher temperatures (see figure in tb)

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