BIOL 1010 Chapter Notes - Chapter 28: Twin, Spermatocyte, Oogenesis

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erinchimpanzee657

14 May 2017

School

University of Manitoba

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIOL 1010

Professor

Emily A.Mc Kinnon

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Document Summary

Occurs when sperm is deposited close or in to the female reproductive system and gametes join with in the tract. Hermaphroditism - individual has both male and female reproduction system. Identical twins are formed when one egg is fertilized by one sperm, and divides into two halves. Identical twins are usually of the same sex. Fraternal twins are formed when two different egg cells are fertilized both by different sperm cells, so that two embryos are formed. Fraternal twins can be of the same or opposite sex and they don"t look at all alike. Primary spermatocyte - diploid cell that undergoes meiosis 1 in the testis. Secondary spermatocyte - a haploid cell that results from meiosis 1 in spermatogenesis and after meiosis 2 it becomes a sperm cell. Oogenesis - the development of mature egg cells. Primary oocyte - a diploid cell, in prophase 1 of meiosis, that can be hormonally triggered to develop into an egg.

Related Questions

-Complete the following sentences: metaphase of mitosis, prophase II of meiosis, crossing over, anaphase I of meiosis, variable, random fertilization, identical, random orientation, metaphase I of meiosis, prophase I of meiosis, metaphase II of meiosis, reduction division

Two processes that occur during meiosis produce genetically ____________ cells.

In a process called ____________ , paired homologous chromosomes align randomly at the cell equator. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

In a process called ____________ , genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

-Complete the following paragraph to describe nondisjunction and the resulting effects on chromosome number.

words: euploidy, primary nondisjunction, nomal, nondisjunction, secondary nondisjunction, homologous chromosomes, abnormal, trisomy, monosomy, sister chromatids, aneuploid

1.During meiosis I, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

2.During meiosis II, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

3.During meiosis I, if both members of a homologous pair go into the same daughter cell, ____________ is said to occur and no normal gametes are produced.

4.During meiosis II, if the sister chromatids fail to separate and both daughter chromosomes go into the same gamete, ____________ is said to occur. Half the gametes are aneuploid while the other half are euploid.

5.If an egg that contains 24 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.

6.If an egg that contains 22 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.

Question 11 options:

A condition characterized by the growth of endometrial cells in areas other than the endometrium is called

Question 12

A standard screening test for cervical cancer is called

Question 13

The period of prenatal development in which the basic parts of the organ systems are formed is the

Question 14 options:

Detection of

Spell check is used by pregnancy test kits to detect the early stages of pregnancy.

Question 15

The actual gene sequence governing the expression of a trait is called a

Spell check , whereas the physical expression of this trait is the PHENOTYPE , which can also be defined as the physical expression of a gene.

Question 16

Down syndrome is a disorder where a person has an chromosome 21.

Question

A picture of all chromosomes taken in metaphase and used for analysis is called a

Question 18

A pregnancy where the fertilized egg implants in an area other than the uterus is called

Question

The basic building blocks of DNA are called

Question 20

Monosomy of the X chromosome characterized by a short stocky neck, underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics, and infertility is called

syndrome.

Question 21

A deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 with a typical cry that resembles a meowing cat characterize

Question 22

A serious psychological disorder characterized by the fear of becoming obese is called

Question 23

Diffusion of gases between capillary beds and tissues is called respiration.

Question 24

The destruction of alveoli by irritants such as cigarette smoke and agricultural dust is found in a disorder called

Question 25

Of the three types of skin cancer which are the most likely to metastasize

Question 25 options:

Melanoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma

All of the above have equal ability to metastasize

Question 26

Cancer of this organ/gland causes the most deaths annually

Question 26 options:

Lung

Breast

Prostate

Bladder

Question 27

The correct order of stages of the cell cycle that a new cell will go through immediately after being produced by mitosis is

Question 27 options:

S, G1, G2, M

G1, G2, M, S

G1, S, G2, M

M, G1, S, G2

Question 28

What is the purpose of DNA replication

Question 28 options:

To copy the information in a gene so that extra protein synthesis can be done

To make an RNA copy of the gene

To provide the cell with extra DNA in case the original gets damaged

To ensure that two cells produced by mitosis have the same genetic information as the parent cell

Question 29

Which of the following is not a function and/or advantage of mitosis

Question 29 options:

It can repair damaged tissue

Growth takes place through mitosis

It can replace old or damaged cells

All of the above are functions and/or advantages

Question 30

Which stage of the cell cycle occurs just after mitosis

Question 30 options:

Prophase

Save

Question 31 (1.5 points) Question 31 Unsaved

DNA replication is completed by the end of

Question 31 options:

Prophase

S phase

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT true of DNA

Question 32 options:

Generally double stranded

Stores the cell genetic information

Replicated by DNA polymerase

Contains A, C, U, and G

Question 33

These cell may enter G0 of the cell cycle permanently

Question 33 options:

Hepatocytes

Transformed cells

Neurons

Cells in the digestive system

Question 34

When a primary spermatocyte, goes through meiosis, how many mature sperm will be produced

Question 34 options:

Question 35

When a primary oocyte goes through meiosis, how many mature eggs will be produced

Question 35 options:

If an organismâs diploid chromosome number is 18, how many different possible combinations of homologous chromosomes lining up during meiosis exist for the eggs or sperm produced by that organism?

	A.	512
	B.	9
	C.	18
	D.	128
	E.	36

At the end of metaphase I, _______________ separate.

	A.	sister chromatids
	B.	germ cells
	C.	homologous chromosomes
	D.	haploid chromatids
	E.	centrioles

Mendel observed that dominant traits

	A.	are seen in all of the F1 hybrid pea plants in his experiments.
	B.	are expressed in all plants.
	C.	were absent in the F1 generation of pea plants that he used in his experiments.
	D.	were the only traits seen in the F2 generation of pea plants in his experiments.
	E.	are only expressed in hybrids.

Cytokinesis in plant cells differs from cytokinesis in animal cells because

	A.	there is no difference.
	B.	in plant cells, the cell plate must also divide into two parts.
	C.	the contractile protein, actin, is important only in plant cells.
	D.	plant cells have a rigid cell wall.
	E.	a contractile ring forms only in plant cells.

Sickle cell anemia is an example of what type of inheritance?

	A.	complete dominance
	B.	incomplete dominance
	C.	codominance
	D.	multiple alleles
	E.	recessive dominance

Which of the following statements is true:

	A.	The dominant allele is masked in homozygous dominant individuals.
	B.	With recessive genetic disorders, if both parents are carriers, the offspring will all be affected.
	C.	In carriers, the recessive allele causes an intermediate phenotype.
	D.	In recessive genetic disorders, the mother and/or father of an affected individual must also be affected.
	E.	With dominant genetic disorders, the mother and/or father of an affected individual must also be affected.

Skin cancers typically develop in the

	A.	upper layers of the epidermis.
	B.	lower layers of the dermis.
	C.	subcutaneous layer.
	D.	lower layers of the epidermis.
	E.	upper layers of the dermis.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (MD) is inherited from an X-linked recessive allele. What is the probability that a son with Duchenne MD inherited this disease from his biological father?

	A.	1/2
	B.	0
	C.	1/16
	D.	1/4
	E.	1/8

The genetic makeup of a particular trait in an individual is its

	A.	genotype.
	B.	heterozygosity.
	C.	phenotype.
	D.	filial.
	E.	dominance.

What structure holds the sister chromatids to the spindle fibers?

	A.	chromatin
	B.	kinetochore
	C.	MPF
	D.	centromere
	E.	cyclin

If you view a cell in which the genetic material is beginning to be visible as separate bodies, and the nucleus has disappeared from view, you may surmise that the cells is in

	A.	telophase.
	B.	anaphase.
	C.	interphase.
	D.	metaphase.
	E.	prophase.

Gregor Mendel was successful in his analysis of the genetics of pea plants because

	A.	he examined and analyzed both the F1 and F2 generations.
	B.	he studied the parental plants to determine their differences.
	C.	he decided to only look at his results in an objective manner.
	D.	he studied a trait that had a strange inheritance pattern.
	E.	pea plants have genetics different from other organisms.

Tall corn plants (T) are dominant to dwarf plants (tt). Solid green leaves (G) are dominant to leaves with a white tip (gg). A cross between two corn plants yielded the following phenotypes: 51 tall plants with a white tip on their leaves; 43 dwarf plants with solid leaves; 48 dwarf plants with white tips on their leaves; 45 tall plants with solid leaves. What are the genotypes of the parents that produced these plants?

	A.	None of the above
	B.	TtGg x Ttgg
	C.	ttGG x TTgg
	D.	TtGg x TtGg
	E.	TtGg x ttgg

In humans, a gene that has been identified as causing a type of skin cancer is the

	A.	superwoman echidna.
	B.	mutant superman.
	C.	sonic hedgehog.
	D.	mutant mole rat.
	E.	superhero aardvark.

The segregation principle states that in sexually reproducing diploid organisms the two copies of each gene

	A.	segregate from each other during meiosis.
	B.	must always be the same allele.
	C.	separate from each other during mitosis.
	D.	will both wind up in either the sperm or egg.
	E.	move together as a unit during meiosis.

In what phases is the genetic material in the cell correctly referred to as chromatids?

	A.	metaphase and telophase
	B.	anaphase and metaphase
	C.	interphase and telophase
	D.	interphase and prophase
	E.	metaphase and prophase

Consider two traits for an organism, determined by two genes, each of which is governed by at least two alleles. In the case of a dihybrid individual, the gametes formed will be of either the parental type or the recombinant type. Recombinant type gametes are formed because of

	A.	the principle of dihybrids.
	B.	multiple alleles.
	C.	heterozygosity.
	D.	incomplete dominance.
	E.	independent assortment.

An allele is

	A.	an alternate form of a gene.
	B.	always recessive.
	C.	the main factor determining a trait.
	D.	always one of a pair.
	E.	the dominant form of a gene.

After the DNA is replicated, and it condenses in prophase, two identical rods of DNA are seen. These are

	A.	spindle fibers.
	B.	kinetochores.
	C.	chromatids.
	D.	chromatin.
	E.	centromeres.

Special cells found in the gonads that give rise to gametes upon division are called

	A.	egg cells.
	B.	somatic cells.
	C.	germ cells.
	D.	stem cells.
	E.	basal cells.

BIOL 1010 Chapter Notes - Chapter 28: Twin, Spermatocyte, Oogenesis

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