PSYC104 Chapter Notes - Chapter 15: Factor Analysis, Abraham Maslow, Observational Learning
10 May 2018
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PSYC104
REVEL READING
WEEK 6 and 7
Personality
15.1 Define personality and how it influences our experience of the world
Individual patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving
Tend to persist across time and contexts
15.2 Describe how twin and adoption studies shed light on genetic and environmental influences on
personality
Twin and adoption – many personality traits are heritable
Key role for non-shared environment but not shared environment for adult personality
Psychoanalytic theory
15.3 Describe the core assumptions of psychoanalytic theory
Freud’s pschoaaltic theor rests o three core assuptios
➢ Psychic determinism
➢ Symbolic meaning
➢ Unconscious motivation
- Personality results from the interactions among id, ego and superego
- Ego copes with threat by deploying defence mechanisms
- Freud’s five pschoseual stages
➢ Oral
➢ Anal
➢ Phallic
➢ Latency
➢ Genital
15.4 Describe key criticisms of psychoanalytic theory and the central features of Neo-Freudian
theories
Criticised for unfalsifiability, failed predictions, questionable conception of the unconscious,
lack of evidence and a flawed assumption of shared environmental influence
Neo-Freudians shared with Freud an emphasis on unconscious influences
Importance of early experience, but placed less emphasis on sexuality as a driving force in
personality
Behavioural and social learning theories of personality
15.5 Identify the core assumptions of behavioural and social learning theories of personality
Radical behaviourists view personality as under the control of two major influences
➢ Genetic factors
➢ Contingencies in the environment
- Radical behaviourists; psychoanalysts – determinists and believe in unconscious processing
- Deny the existence of the unconscious
- Contrast; social learning theorists accord a central role to thinking in the causes of
personality, and argue that observational learning and a sense of personal control play key
roles in personality
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
15. 1 define personality and how it influences our experience of the world. Tend to persist across time and contexts. 15. 2 describe how twin and adoption studies shed light on genetic and environmental influences on personality. Twin and adoption many personality traits are heritable. Key role for non-shared environment but not shared environment for adult personality. 15. 3 describe the core assumptions of psychoanalytic theory. Freud"s ps(cid:455)choa(cid:374)al(cid:455)tic theor(cid:455) rests o(cid:374) three core assu(cid:373)ptio(cid:374)s. Personality results from the interactions among id, ego and superego. Ego copes with threat by deploying defence mechanisms. 15. 4 describe key criticisms of psychoanalytic theory and the central features of neo-freudian theories. Criticised for unfalsifiability, failed predictions, questionable conception of the unconscious, lack of evidence and a flawed assumption of shared environmental influence. Neo-freudians shared with freud an emphasis on unconscious influences. Importance of early experience, but placed less emphasis on sexuality as a driving force in personality.
