Biology And Biomedical Sciences BIOL 2960 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Protein, Dna, Glucose
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Biology And
Biomedical Sciences
BIOL 2960
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Bio2960 Spring 2018
Basic Chemistry Review and Study Guide
Vocabulary:
At the end of this unit, you should be able to define and/or use the following:
• Units:
o length: micron (µM) = 10-6 M,
Angstrom (Å) = 10-10 M,
o Mass: Dalton (Da) 1 Da = 1 g/mole,
kilodalton (kD); *Find atomic mass
on the periodic table.
• *Valence electrons
• Molecular interactions: types of
bonds/interactions
o *Covalent bonds (polar and non-
polar)
o Non-covalent bonds
§ *Ionic bonds
§ *Hydrogen bonds = H-
bond (know which
functional groups can be
potential H-bond donors
or acceptors)
§ *Van der Waals forces
§ Hydrophobic interactions
• *Tetrahedral geometry of carbon atoms
bound to four molecules (bond angles
~109.5o).
• *Chirality of carbon atom attached to 4
different types (D or L isomers)
• Oxidation and reduction:
o Recognize which molecules are
being oxidized and which are
being reduced in a given
biochemical reaction
• pH and buffers: (obtain basic
understanding from assigned reading in
text book)
o Hydroxyl (OH-) and Hydrogen
atoms and protons (H+)
o Predict the ionization state of
carboxylic acids and amines at
pH 7
(* = topics covered in Chem 111)
!
When you’re done studying for this unit, you should be able to:
2. Predict the product of oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and condensation reactions based on
a molecule’s structure that you are asked to memorize or are given.
2.1. Draw or recognize the structure of glucose, glycerol, and glyceraldehyde.
2.2. Evaluate chemical structures that contain C, N, O, and P for proper bonding rules.
2.3. Compare the strength of covalent and various non-covalent bonds.
2.4. Accurately use the following organic chemistry terms to describe a molecule whose
structure is given: alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, amine, organic phosphate,
thiol. Also be able to use the names of these corresponding functional groups:
hydroxyl, aldehyde, keto, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfhydryl, methyl.
2.5. Rank chemical structures in terms of hydrophobicity.
2.6. Rank chemical structures by how oxidized or reduced they are.
2.7. Predict whether hydrogen bonds will form in a biomolecule based on partial charges of
N-H, C-O, and O-H but not C-H bonds.
2.7.1. On a chemical structure of a biomolecule, identify atoms that could participate in
hydrogen bonds.
For practice applying these concepts and vocabulary, complete Problem Set 2:
Chemistry Review and Macromolecules.
(Chemical structures that you are expected to identify or to memorize will be italicized and
underlined.)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Bio2960 Spring 2018
Basic Chemistry Review and Study Guide
Vocabulary:
At the end of this unit, you should be able to define and/or use the following:
•
Units:
o
length: micron (µM) = 10-6 M,
Angstrom (Å) = 10-10 M,
o
Mass: Dalton (Da) 1 Da = 1 g/mole,
kilodalton (kD); *Find atomic mass
on the periodic table.
•
*Valence electrons
•
Molecular interactions: types of
bonds/interactions
o
*Covalent bonds (polar and non-
polar)
o
Non-covalent bonds
▪
*Ionic bonds
▪
*Hydrogen bonds = H-
bond (know which
functional groups can be
potential H-bond donors
or acceptors)
▪
*Van der Waals forces
▪
Hydrophobic interactions
•
*Tetrahedral geometry of carbon atoms
bound to four molecules (bond angles
~109.5o).
•
*Chirality of carbon atom attached to 4
different types (D or L isomers)
•
Oxidation and reduction:
o
Recognize which molecules are
being oxidized and which are
being reduced in a given
biochemical reaction
•
pH and buffers: (obtain basic
understanding from assigned reading in
text book)
o
Hydroxyl (OH
-
) and Hydrogen
atoms and protons (H
+
)
o
Predict the ionization state of
carboxylic acids and amines at
pH 7
(* = topics covered in Chem 111)
When you’re done studying for this unit, you should be able to:
2.
Predict the product of oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and condensation reactions based on
a molecule’s structure that you are asked to memorize or are given.
2.1.
Draw or recognize the structure of glucose, glycerol, and glyceraldehyde.
2.2.
Evaluate chemical structures that contain C, N, O, and P for proper bonding rules.
2.3.
Compare the strength of covalent and various non-covalent bonds.
2.4.
Accurately use the following organic chemistry terms to describe a molecule whose
structure is given: alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, amine, organic phosphate,
thiol. Also be able to use the names of these corresponding functional groups:
hydroxyl, aldehyde, keto, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfhydryl, methyl.
2.5.
Rank chemical structures in terms of hydrophobicity.
2.6.
Rank chemical structures by how oxidized or reduced they are.
2.7.
Predict whether hydrogen bonds will form in a biomolecule based on partial charges of
N-H, C-O, and O-H but not C-H bonds.
2.7.1.
On a chemical structure of a biomolecule, identify atoms that could participate in
hydrogen bonds.
For practice applying these concepts and vocabulary, complete Problem Set 2:
Chemistry Review and Macromolecules.
(Chemical structures that you are expected to identify or to memorize will be italicized and
underlined.)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
At the end of this unit, you should be able to define and/or use the following: units: length: micron ( m) = 10-6 m, *valence electrons: molecular interactions: types of bonds/interactions, *covalent bonds (polar and non- polar, non-covalent bonds. At the end of this unit, you should be able to define and/or use the following: units: *tetrahedral geometry of carbon atoms bound to four molecules (bond angles. *chirality of carbon atom attached to 4 different types (d or l isomers) length: micron ( m) = 10-6 m, Angstrom ( ) = 10-10 m: mass: dalton (da) 1 da = 1 g/mole, kilodalton (kd); *find atomic mass on the periodic table. *valence electrons: molecular interactions: types of bonds/interactions. *covalent bonds (polar and non- polar: non-covalent bonds. *hydrogen bonds = h- bond (know which functional groups can be potential h-bond donors or acceptors)
