PSYC 412 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Socioeconomic Status, Public Health, Insulin
PSYC 412
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Chapter 1
• Health psychologists focus on:
o Health promotion and maintenance
o Prevention and treatment
o Etiology and correlates of health, illness, and dysfunction
o Healthcare system and formulation of health policy
o Coping with disease
• Behavioral medicine
o Focuses on working with medical patients (chronic disease)
o Helping people to adhere to medical regimens and coping
• Public health
o Protect populations from preventable health threats
• History
o American Public Health Association (1872)
o Society of Behavioral Medicine (1978)
o Division 38 (Health Psychology) of the APA (1979)
• Mind-Body Relationship History
o Disease was believed to be caused by:
▪ Evil spirits
▪ Imbalance of humours (black bile, yellow bile, blood, phlegm)
▪ Punishment from God
▪ Modern science moves from a mind → body approach
o Psychoanalytic contributions
▪ Freud’s conversion hysteria
• Unconscious conflicts produce physical disturbances
• “Glove anesthesia”
o Sudden loss of speech hearing, sight, muscle tremors,
paralysis
▪ Conversion disorder (somatic symptom disorder)
• Psychosocial conflict is “converted” into dramatic physical
symptoms, affecting voluntary or sensory functioning
• Occurs more in women than men
• Stressful events can catalyze presence
▪ Psychosomatic medicine
• Dunbar and Alexander
o Linked personality to illnesses
o Bodily disorders are caused by emotional conflicts
o Psychophysiological disorders
• Criticisms
o Methodological issues
o Conflict and personality are not sufficient to produce illness
o Restricted range of medical problems caused by
psychological and social factors
• Ulcers
o Initially thought primary cause was stress
o Found that 80% caused by small intestinal bacteria (Helicobacter pylori)
o Still researching individual differences and immune systems
• The Biomedical Model in health psychology
o Illness can be explained by deviant somatic bodily processes
o Psychological and social processes are irrelevant to disease processes
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• Biopsychosocial model
o Health and illness are caused by a combination of biological, psychological, and
social factors
o Advantages
▪ Macro and micro level processes interact to produce state of health or
illness
▪ Mind and body cannot be distinguished in matters of health/illness
▪ Researchers adopted “systems theory” approach to health/illness
o Clinical implications
▪ Diagnosis should always consider biopsychosocial factors during
assessment of individual
▪ Treatment recommendations should examine all sets of factors
▪ Relationship between patient and practitioner significant
• Social Ecological Model
o Individual → Close Relationships → Context → Culture
• Why is health psychology needed?
o Changes in illness patterns
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Imbalance of humours (black bile, yellow bile, blood, phlegm: evil spirits, punishment from god, modern science moves from a mind body approach, psychoanalytic contributions, freud"s conversion hysteria, unconscious conflicts produce physical disturbances. Initially thought primary cause was stress: found that 80% caused by small intestinal bacteria (helicobacter pylori, still researching individual differences and immune systems, the biomedical model in health psychology. Individual close relationships context culture: social ecological model, why is health psychology needed, changes in illness patterns, role of behavioral factors in disease and disorder. Chapter 3: good health behaviors, reduce deaths, delay deaths. Increase years of life with no disease or complications: health behaviors. Intervention with children and adolescents (at-risk populations: socialization, parents are role models, teaching moments, adolescent health behaviors may influence disease risk after 45 more than adult behaviors, problems with risk. Chapter 4: sustained exercise that stimulates/strengthens heart/lungs. Improves body"s utilization of oxygen: exercise benefits, decreased risk of, heart disease, stroke, cancers, type ii diabetes.
