ANSC 220 Study Guide - Final Guide: Intercostal Muscle, Surface Tension, Tidal Volume

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23 Apr 2018
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Lectures 22, 23, 24 - anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. External respiration: those processes by which air is breathed in, o2 is extracted from the air by the blood and delivered to the tissues, and co2 is delivered from the blood to the lungs and breathed out. Internal (cellular) respiration: (cid:131) the intracellular reaction of o2 with organic molecules to produce co2, h2o, and energy (atp) Abdominal (diaphragmatic) breathing: (cid:131) breathing (inspiration and expiration) controlled by the diaphragmatic and abdominal muscles. Thoracic (intercostal) breathing: (cid:131) breathing controlled by the intercostal muscles. 6o2 + c6h12o6 -----> 6co2 + 6h2o + energy. Inspiration: contraction of diaphragmatic muscles, rotation of asternal ribs (external intercostals elevates lower ribs) and contraction of chest muscles, relaxation of smooth muscle around the terminal bronchioles and alveolar sacs. Expiration: mostly passive, contraction of internal intercostals which depress upper ribs.

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