HDF 313 Midterm: Exam 1 Review HDF 304
23 May 2018
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HDF Exam 1 Review Sheet
Attraction
1.!Fundamental assumption of attraction: We are attracted to those whose
presence is rewarding to us. Two basic reward types influence attraction.
2.!Two types of awards influence attraction.
a.!Direct Rewards
i.!Refer to all positive consequences we obtain from being with
someone. E.g.: attention, interest, approval
b.!Indirect Rewards
i.!Attraction by association (misattribution of arousal).
ii.!Emotional tone of surrounding situation.
iii.!Strong emotions can be relabeled as attraction if an
acceptable object is present. E.g: Dutton and Aron (Shaky
Bridge), Thematic Apperception Test.
3.!Distinguish between two types of rewards with examples.
4.!Attraction by association means:
5.!Circumstances for attraction by association:
6.!Basic route of attraction: Proximity
a.!Convenience
b.!Easier to enjoy rewards
c.!E.g: long distance relationships
7.Frestinger, Schachter, and Back study of student apartment:
I.!Demonstrated people are more likely to be friends if
they liver closer, b/c of convenience, etc.
II.!Conducted study by seeing the percentage who would
be friends by number of doors away (square feet).
8. Proximity affects attraction: our friendships and romances grow out of
interactions with those who are nearby. Affects long distance relationships:
will be fine as long as see each other once a month.
9. Proximity leading to familiarity: proximity brings people together, become
familiar with them, repeated contact increases liking. Importance of mere
exposure.
10. Mere exposure:
I.!Like people whose faces we recognize
II.!Repeated contact increases liking
11. Moreland and Beach Study:
Conducted in classrooms. Had women sit for different amount of time in
classrooms, showed faces to see who was more well liked.
a)!More familiar women rated more attractive
b)!Were liked better.
12. Proximity and Familiarity:
I.!Can be bad: Too much of a good thing.
a)!Overexposure is different then familiarity
b)!Proximity accentuates our feelings about others.
13. First thing we notice in presence of potential partner: Physical Attractiveness
14. Bias for beauty:
A.!Stereotype: Beautiful = Good
B.!Not always good: There are downsides: e.g.: more promiscuous
15. Pretty: The eyes of the beholder?
A.!People agree more than disagree
B.!Babies prefer more attractive/symmetrical faces
C.!Women find attractive: cyclical
16. Factors Influence Judgments of Attractiveness:
A.!Female Menstrual Cycles:
i.!Ovulating: More masculine, rugged features
ii.!Not: more boyish, youthful features
B.!Average/Symmetrical Faces:
C.!Waist to hip Ratios: 0.7
i.!Males>SHR, Females <WHR reported sexual
intercourse at an earlier age, more sexual partners,
more extra pair copulations, and having engaged in
more instances of intercourse with people who were
involved in another relationship.
D.!Smell:
i.!Women pick up on more symmetrical face by smell
just prior to ovulating.
a)!Not if on the pill
b)!Women are more likely to cheat on partner with
more symmetrical men
ii.!Men and women appear to show a preference for
the scent of women/men with dissimilar MHC gene
complex.
a)!Major histo compatibility complex: tells immune
system how to function
iii.!Men prefer scent of women who are fertile/ovulating.
17. Babies learn what is attractive thru reinforcement and punishment:
Cognitive averaging:
18. Symmetrical faces preferred:
iv.!Symmetrical faces are “average”
v.!Average=symmetrical=attractive
vi.!Some asymmetry is good
vii.!Symmetrical faces indicate mental and physical
health
19. Female waist to hip ratio 0.7:
1.!Optimal levels of estrogen and are less susceptible to major
diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and
ovarian cancers.
20. Geographic regions where physical attractiveness is more important cue:
•!Equatorial regions
21. Men value physical attractiveness more then women.
22. Minnesota Dating Study:
•!Rating attractiveness, randomly matched
people up. The only predictor if they’d go out
again was the partners rating of attractiveness
which was done by the workers who had them
fill out questionnaire.
23. Downsides of being attractive:
•!Lied to more (less comfortable receiving
positive feedback).
•!Comparisons with attractive can (temporarily)
hurt relationships
24. Matching Hypothesis:
People in established relationships =similar attractiveness.
25. Desirability Equation:
Physical Attractiveness X Probability of Acceptance
*Movie Booth Study:
More likely to choose room with attractive person when there
watching a different movie, even if it is a bad one, so they
have a reason.
26. Reason for liking those who are similar to us:
27. Types of Similarity:
o!Demographic
o!Attitude and Values
o!Personality
28. Romeo and Juliet Effect:
Liking those who family/friends disapprove of. Might occur out of rebellion,
wanting a challenge, wanting what we can’t have.
29. Closing Time Effect:
o!Tend to find individuals more attractive as closing time
nears.
o!People in committed relationship don’t get closing time effect
because they are not looking.
Love
1. Throughout history, feelings of love were a key component of who a person
chose for a spouse.
FALSE:
Had very little to do with love.
o!1967: 76% women, 35 % men would marry an otherwise
perfect partner whom they did not love.
o!North Americans unique in need of love for marriage.
2.
3. Men fall in love quicker then women.
4. Love is a unitary concept.
5. Differences between passionate love and compassionate love:
a)!Passionate Love:
Document Summary
Fundamental assumption of attraction: we are attracted to those whose presence is rewarding to us. Refer to all positive consequences we obtain from being with someone. Strong emotions can be relabeled as attraction if an acceptable object is present. Distinguish between two types of rewards with examples. Easier to enjoy rewards c. e. g: long distance relationships. 7. frestinger, schachter, and back study of student apartment: Demonstrated people are more likely to be friends if they liver closer, b/c of convenience, etc. Conducted study by seeing the percentage who would be friends by number of doors away (square feet): proximity affects attraction: our friendships and romances grow out of interactions with those who are nearby. Affects long distance relationships: will be fine as long as see each other once a month: proximity leading to familiarity: proximity brings people together, become familiar with them, repeated contact increases liking.
