CHEM 341- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 27 pages long!)
Document Summary
Chapter 1: covalent bonding and shapes of molecules. Common matter (earth, air, stars, us) only uses a few of these. Also, common matter is mostly empty space (by far) Particles keep their distance by exerting forces on each other. Atoms are the smallest (barely) visible building block of matter. In the empty space around the nucleus orbit electrons. Nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons. Proton and neutron weigh ~ 1 atomic unit. electron ~ 0. 0005 a. u. Proton has a +1 charge, electron: -1. neutron ~ no charge. Ina neutral atom, # of electrons + # of protons. Isotopes: atoms of the same element (same # of protons) but different mass (different # Ion: atom/group of atoms with a charge. There are several types of orbitals, appearing in sets, known as shells (levels). "p" orbitals (3 per shell starting with 2nd shell: p x , p y , p z )
