GEOL 101 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Orogeny, Lithosphere, Isostasy
Document Summary
7:26 pm: mountains occur in linear ranges called mountain belts or orogens. An orogen forms during an orogeny, or mountain-building event: mountain building causes rock to bend, break, shorten, stretch, and shear. Because of such deformation, rocks can change their location, orientation, and shape: during brittle deformation, rocks break into pieces. During ductile deformation, rocks change shape without breaking: stress (force applied per unit area) can be compressional, tensional, or shear. Pressure refers to a condition in which a material feels the same amount of compressions in all directions: strains refers to the shape change that materials undergo when subjected to a stress. For example, compression can cause shortening, and tension can cause stretching: deformation results in the development of geologic structures, joints are natural cracks in rock, formed in response to tension under brittle conditions. Veins develop when minerals precipitate out of water passing through cracks: faults are fractures on which there has been shear.
