PSYCH 250 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Nso People, Parenting Styles, Longitudinal Study
Document Summary
Trust vs. mistrust: first crisis of life-infants learn basic trust if the world is a secure place where their basic needs will be met-type of parenting is really important. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt: infants succeed or fail in gaining sense of self-rule over their own actions and bodies begins at 18 months when self-awareness emerges. Behaviorism: parents mold an infant"s emotions and personality via reinforcement or punishment. Infants form a concept of what to expect from certain people-early experiences are important b/c of : beliefs, perceptions, memories. Unavailable parents could cause someone to have insecure friendships. Infants emotions are part of the evolutionary mandate. A child must be nourished, protected, and taught by parents much longer than offspring of any other species. Over the course of human history, attachment promotes species survival by keeping toddlers close to their caregivers and keeping caregivers vigilant. Toddlers attend to adult expressions (social referencing) to establish relationships b/w self and others.
