BICD 100 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Thermal Cycler, Genbank, Gene Expression

• School: UCSD
• Department: Biol/Genetics,Cellular & Develop
• Course: BICD 100
• Professor: Keefe Reuther

Document Summary

So much dna: 3. 2 billion nucleotides in the human genome. Pcr: polymerase chain reaction: amplify specific segment of dna molecule, relies upon a pair of primers. Short dna molecules that bind to sequences at each end of the sequence to be copied. Used as a starting point for dna replication. Pcr is a series of cycles (in a thermocycler: cycle 1. Denaturation: heat target sequence to 95 degrees celsius, providing enough kinetic energy to break weak hydrogen bonds without damaging covalent bonds that hold together individual strands. Annealing: cool to 40-60 degrees celsius to allow primers to form h bonds with ends of target sequences. Too low temp: primers will anneal incorrectly; connects to segment not perfectly complementary to it, so many different products could form. Too high te(cid:373)p: p(cid:396)i(cid:373)e(cid:396)s (cid:449)o(cid:374)"t a(cid:374)(cid:374)eal at all (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause h (cid:271)o(cid:374)ds (cid:272)a(cid:374)"t (cid:272)o(cid:396)(cid:396)e(cid:272)tl(cid:455) fo(cid:396)(cid:373) E(cid:454)te(cid:374)sio(cid:374): at (cid:1011)(cid:1006) deg(cid:396)ees c, dna pol(cid:455)(cid:373)e(cid:396)ase adds (cid:374)u(cid:272)leotides to the (cid:1007)" e(cid:374)d of ea(cid:272)h p(cid:396)i(cid:373)e(cid:396)