LING 1010 Study Guide - Final Guide: Phineas Gage, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe
Final Exam Review
The Brain
• One leading idea of neuroanatomy is that different areas of the brain perform different
cognitive functions
o Brain is not an undifferentiated mass
o Phineas Gage (damaged frontal lobe, changed personality) and HM (radical surgery
on temporal lobes, affected ability to develop new long term memories) helped lead
to this conclusion
• Major lobes of the brain:
o Frontal - executive functions
o Temporal - memory
o Parietal - sensory
o Occipital - vision
• Central sulcus: divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
• Lateral (Sylvian) fissure: divides the temporal lobe from the frontal love
• Brodmann area: areas of the brain identified based on cytoarchitectonic differences,
organized differently. Likely perform different functions
• Major functional areas of the brain include
o Auditory cortex
o Motor cortex - posterior frontal lobe
o Somatosensory cortex - parietal lobe
o Visual cortex - occipital lobe
• Damage (from genes, disease, or injury) to specific areas of the brain can lead to various
cognitive disorders, such
o Prosopagnosia - inability to recognize peoples faces
o Dyslexia- hard to read, learn letters /
o Akinetospia - inability to see movement, specific part of visual cortex
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LING 1010 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
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