PMY 302 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Halogenation, Histone Deacetylase, Gluconeogenesis

• School: University at Buffalo
• Department: Pharmacology and Toxicology
• Course: PMY 302
• Professor: stewart Clark

Document Summary

Secreted from islet beta cells in pancreas in response to glu, aa, hormones and nt. Cellular mechanism that regulate insulin: 2nd messenger, ca2+, gene transcription, glucose metabolism. Target tissues of glucose: muscle, adipose, liver cells. Beta-cell failure (viral damage, genetic factors, autoimmune response) Absolute lack of insulin, requires insulin replacement therapy. Reduced or absent insulin secretion even with stored insulin in beta-cells. Insulin resistance in target tissues (reduced insulin r and response) Control by diet, oral hypoglycemic, insulin replacement therapy: drugs used for type ii diabetes. Advantages: sustained blood glu control without increasing fasting insulin secretion between meals (insulin sparing) Insulin levels return toward baseline between meals and overnight. Use: as combination drugs with metformin or alpha-glucosidase. Mechanism: mimics atp action on atp sensitive k+ channel increase insulin secretion in response to glucose. Mechanism: binding site on atp sensitive k+ channel, different from. Close k+ channel and induce beta-cell depolarization and insulin release.