PHIL 1180 Study Guide - Final Guide: A Sand County Almanac, Biocoenosis, Land Ethic
14 Dec 2016
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Four core questions of environmental ethics: relationships/belief system, values, principles/rules/norms, implications, how we should live. Values rules and principles depend on what ethical theory is used. Rules and principles are justified by the background of ethical theory. There must be coherence between belief system, values, rules and principles, and implication. Use arguments, reasons, justification, and evidence to answer the four questions. Use this method to address non-empirical questions. What distinguishes individualistic and holistic approaches to environmental ethics. Holism: approaches to environmental ethics on which the primary focus of consideration is not individual organisms, but collectives: species are more important than individuals, some collectives that have objective final value biotic community. Individualistic: individuals are morally considerable: individual organism are what have objective final value and have interests that can be benefitted and harmed. Deep ecology: holistic approach that advocates prioritizing the good of the environmental whole (ecosystem, biotic community) over the individual.
