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BIOL 2160 Study Guide - Final Guide: Pulmonary Circulation, Alveolar Pressure, Myocyte

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School
LSU
Department
Biological Sciences
Course
BIOL 2160
Professor
S.Crousillac

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Physiology Final Exam 4 Practice Questions
1. Pathway of air:
a. Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, alveoli
2. What does the conducting zone do?
a. Moves air from the larynx to the lungs
3. What zone is the air warmed and humidified in?
a. Conducting
4. What zone is the site of gas exchange?
a. Respiratory
5. What is the benefit of capillaries being physically attached to the alveoli?
a. It minimizes the distance the gases have to travel
6. What part of breathing is an active process?
a. Inhalation
7. During what part of breathing does the diaphragm contract?
a. Inhalation
8. How are volume and pressure related?
a. Decreasing volume increases pressure and vice versa (inversely)
9. If the alveolar pressure increases, what part of breathing is happening?
a. Exhalation
10. If the alveoli pressure of oxygen is 100 and the CO2 pressure is 40, what will the gases do?
a. Oxygen will move into the blood and CO2 will move into the alveoli
11. What usually happens when you work out?
a. Hypernea
12. Why is it important to have some CO2 in your blood?
a. It regulates the pH of blood
13. Which muscle fiber is darker in color?
a. Oxidative
14. Low intensity exercises will most likely result in:
a. Increase in oxidative fibers
15. Very high intensity exercises will result in the depletion of what?
a. ACh
16. Where does the majority of the calcium for smooth muscle contractions come from?
a. Outside the cell
17. What does calcium immediately bind to in the smooth muscle contraction?
a. Calmodulin
18. How is myosin inactivated in smooth muscle contraction?
a. Removing the phosphate group from the myosin head
19. What makes the hemoglobin in RBC so dark?
a. The 4 iron molecules
20. What separates the 2 sides of the heart?
a. Septum
21. Which side of the heart supplies the pulmonary circuit?
a. Right
22. Which side of the heart supplies the systemic circuit?
a. Left
23. Which valve separates the right atria and ventricle?
a. Tricuspid or Right AV
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Related Questions

QUESTION 1

Cellular respiration uses________to produce energy and releases ________as a waste product.

O2; CO2

CO2; O2

ATP; G3P

G3P; ATP

5 points

QUESTION 2

Select all of the following that compose the conducting pathways in the respiratory system.

nasal cavity

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Alveoli

5 points

QUESTION 3

Match each structure with its' function.

- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

Nasal Cavity
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

Alveoli
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

Larynx
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

Trachea
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

Bronchi
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

Bronchioles
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

Pharynx
A.

Throat
B.

Very small branches of bronchi within the lungs.
C.

Larger branching passages for air within the lungs.
D.

Location of gas exchange with the blood.
E.

Carries air from larynx and branches into bronchi.
F.

Location of the voice box, earliest location where only air passes.
G.

Carry air into the pharynx, earliest location of cleaning, warming, and humidifying the air.

8 points

QUESTION 4

Mammals are able to inhale because increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity will decrease the pressure within the lungs. This is called_____

pump-controlled breathing

forced inflation breathing

negative-pressure breathing

stretch breathing

6 points

QUESTION 5

Indentify which muscles are primarily responsible for quiet (normal, relaxed) inspiration?

diaphragm

internal intercostals

sclaenes

abdominal muscles

1. Match the word 1-39 above, with the descriptions labled a-t. Word 1-39 can be uses only one please!!

1. alveolar macrophages 2. alveoli 3. Bohr effect 4. bronchi 5. bronchiole 6. cerebral cortex 7. chloride shift 8. compliance 9. costal breathing 10. Dalton’s law 11. diaphragmatic breathing 12. epiglottis 13. eupnea 14. expiratory reserve volume 15. fauces 16. functional residual capacity 17. Haldane effect 18. Henry’s law 19. hilum 20. hypothalamus 21. inferior, middle, and superior nasal meatuses 22. inspiratory capacity 23. larynx 24. limbic system 25. medulla oblongata 26. nose 27. paranasal sinuses 28. pharynx 29. pleural membranes 30. pons 31. primary bronchus 32. secondary bronchus 33. surface tension 34. surfactant 35. terminal bronchiole 36. tertiary bronchus 37. total lung capacity 38. trachea 39. vital capacity

a) -------------------- serves as a sound resonating chamber; contains tonsils; directs air inferiorly

b) ------------------- passes air from pharynx into windpipe; site of sound production

c) ------------------ resonate(s) sound; not part of pharynx

D) ------------------ opening from oral cavity into pharynx

E) ----------------- carries air to a segment of a lung

F) -------------------- carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole

G) ----------------- surround the lungs

H) ------------------ reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange

i) -------------------- actual sites of gas exchange

j) --------------------- normal, quiet breathing

k) ----------------------- shallow breathing using just the external intercostal muscles

l) ------------------ amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest wall

m) ------------------- tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually about 3600 mL in males

n) ----------------- tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 4800 mL in males

o) ------------------- residual volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 2400 mL in males

p) -------------------- states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility

q) ---------------- when pH decreases, O2 saturation of hemoglobin decreases

r) ------------------ each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own partial pressure

s) ------------------- sets basic rhythm of breathing

t) ------------------------ includes the pontine respiratory group

1) At what point is the amount of oxygen at its highest?

in the capillaries during strenous activity

in the lungs

in the capillaries at rest

in muscle tissue during strenous activity

2) You have diagnosed a patient with an iron deficiency. Themost likely result of this is

low carbon dioxide content

very red blood

low oxygen content

high oxygen content

3) Why are insects limited to relatively small sizes?

Their respiratory system relies on diffusion which is slow overlong distances

Their respiratory muscles are smooth muscle only

They have a closed circulatory system

Their exoskeleton cannot support larger-bodied animals

4) Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalationbecause

the volume of the thoracic cavity increases

pressure in the alveoli increases

the diaphragm contracts and pushes upward on the chestcavity

smooth muscle lining the trachea and bronchi contracts andcauses their volume to increase