ECON-221 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Free Market, List Of Fables Characters, Comparative Advantage

For which of the following nations does international trade account for the largest percentage of GDP?
A) Japan
B) The Netherlands
C) Germany
D) Great Britain
E) the United States

2. Suppose that workers in Transylvania can produce only two goods-- yo-yos or sweat socks. The Transylvanian currency is the dealer. In what unit is the opportunity cost of yo-yos measured?
A) dealers
B) dealers per yo-yo
C) dealers per sweat sock
D) yo-yos
E) sweat socks

3. For each watch Denmark produces, it gives up the opportunity to make 50 pounds of cheese. Germany can produce one watch for every100 pounds of cheese it produces. Which of the following is true with regard to opportunity costs in the two countries?
A) The opportunity cost of producing watches is lower in Denmark.
B) The opportunity cost of producing cheese is lower in Denmark.
C) The opportunity cost of producing watches is identical in both countries.
D) It is impossible to compare opportunity costs because the two countries use different currencies.
E) In Germany the opportunity cost of producing one pound of cheese is one watch.

4. For each bow the Romans are producing, they give up the opportunity to make 10 arrows. The Dacians are giving up producing2 bows for every 40 arrows they are producing. Which of the following is true regarding comparative advantage?
A) The Romans have a comparative advantage in producing arrows
B) The Romans have a comparative advantage in producing bows
C) The Romans have a comparative advantage in producing arrows and bows
D) The Dacians have a comparative advantage in producing arrows and bows
E) The Dacians have a comparative advantage in producing bows

5. Which of the following is not a basis for trade between two nations?
A) different skill levels of the labor forces
B) one nation's absolute advantage
C) a difference in tastes between countries
D) economies of scale
E) different capital stocks

6. The opportunity cost of producing one car in Germany is 2,000bushels of wheat, and the opportunity cost of producing one car in Canada is 1,200 bushels of wheat. The two countries can realize mutual gains from trade if they agree on terms of trade that are
A) greater than 2,000 bushels of wheat per car
B) less than 1,200 bushels of wheat per car
C) greater than 1,200 bushels of wheat per car and less than 2,000bushels of wheat per car, and Germany produces wheat
D) greater than 1,200 bushels of wheat per car and less than 2,000bushels of wheat per car, and Germany produces cars
E) greater than 1,200 bushels of wheat per car and less than 2,000bushels of wheat per car, and each country produces both goods

7. The rate at which two countries trade one good for another
A) is known as the foreign exchange rate
B) is known as the terms of trade
C) is known as the export line
D) equals the slope of the import line
E) equals the common slope of the countries' production possibilities frontiers

8. Which of the following is true?
A) International trade makes it possible for a country's consumption possibilities to exceed its production possibilities.
B) International trade requires that a country's production possibilities exceed its consumption possibilities.
C) A country's production possibilities always equal its consumption possibilities.
D) A country's consumption possibilities can never equal its production possibilities because of leakages in the system.
E) As long as there is full employment of resources, a country's production possibilities will exceed its consumption possibilities even with trade.

9. Which of the following is not a reason for international specialization?
A) some countries have educated, trained workers, while other countries have unskilled workers
B) tastes and preferences tend to be different in different countries
C) economies of scale can allow larger, specialized producers to operate at a lower average cost
D) mineral resources are often concentrated in particular countries
E) the world price of a good is determined by the world supply and demand for it

10. Ad valorem tariffs on imports are based on a percentage of an import's value; specific tariffs are based on a lump sum per physical unit imported.
A) True
B) False

Explain how the United States, being a large economy with an abundance of natural resources, labor, and capital, can benefit by not being in autarky. It was shown in the video that the United States had the comparative advantage in burgers. Using the table below, show and explain how Mexico has the comparative advantage in phones. From your answer in the previous question, what is the opportunity cost of burgers for the United States, i.e. how many burgers must the United States give up to produce one phone? What would be an agreeable terms of trade for 1 phone? At the end of the video, a supply and demand graph of the phone market for both countries was shown. Explain why Mexico exported phones to the United States. Suppose, the market for burgers was shown rather than the market for phones in the supply and demand graphs. For the United States to export burgers and Mexico to import burgers, what would world price need to be. in each country, relative to the domestic price? Lastly, explain what a tariff is and the effect it can have on burger imports for Mexico.

PART B – Questions 10 – 27 Use the following assumptions to answer all questions: • There are three countries – Argentina, Britain and Canada. • Each country produces and consumes two kinds of goods – crude oil and beef. • All countries make their goods from a single type of input – labor – and each country has 700 hours of labor available to produce crude oil and beef. • Each country demands 5 (five) barrels of crude oil. This assumption simply means that a country must have exactly 5 barrels of crude oil – it may produce them domestically, it may import them from abroad, or it makes some domestically and imports the rest. • Countries produce goods using the technology described in the table below Technology Hours of labor needed to produce one unit of good Using the above assumptions, answer the following questions: • Calculate the quantities of crude oil and beef produced in each country in autarky (when they do not trade and each country produces its own crude oil and beef) • Order the countries according to their absolute advantage in production of crude oil • Order the countries according to their absolute advantage in production of beef • Consider the case where countries are free to specialize and trade. In the table below calculate each country’s opportunity cost of producing one unit of each good. • Calculate the quantities of crude oil and beef produced in each country, consistent with the country’s comparative advantage. Based on the above calculations, answer questions 10 through 27: Consider autarky, when countries do not trade and each country produces its own crude oil and beef. 10. In autarky, Argentina produces _____ barrels of oil. a. 0 b. 5 c. 10 d. 15 11. In autarky, Britain produces _____ barrels of oil. a. 0 b. 5 c. 10 d. 15 12. In autarky, Canada produces _____ barrels of oil. a. 0 b. 5 c. 10 d. 15 13. In autarky, Argentina produces _____ pounds of beef. a. 0 b. 70 c. 150 d. 400 14. In autarky, Britain produces _____ pounds of beef. a. 0 b. 70 c. 150 d. 400 15. In autarky, Canada produces _____ pounds of beef. a. 0 b. 70 c. 150 d. 400 16. Country of _____ has absolute advantage in production of crude oil. a. Argentina b. Britain c. Canada d. No country 17. Country of _____ has absolute advantage in production of beef. a. Argentina b. Britain c. Canada d. No country Consider effects of specialization, when countries are allowed to trade. 18. When countries specialize, Argentina produces _____ barrels of oil. a. 0 b. 5 c. 10 d. 15 19. When countries specialize, Britain produces _____ barrels of oil. a. 0 b. 5 c. 10 d. 15 20. When countries specialize, Canada produces _____ barrels of oil. a. 0 b. 5 c. 10 d. 15 21. When countries specialize, Argentina produces _____ pounds of beef. a. 0 b. 700 c. 150 d. 400 22. When countries specialize, Britain produces _____ pounds of beef. a. 0 b. 700 c. 150 d. 400 23. When countries specialize, Canada produces ____ pounds of beef. a. 0 b. 700 c. 150 d. 400 24. Country of __C___ has comparative advantage in production of crude oil. a. Argentina b. Britain c. Canada d. No country 25. Country of ___A__ has comparative advantage in production of beef. a. Argentina b. Britain c. Canada d. No country 26. Countries gain from trade because specialization increases ____. a. Trade deficit b. Unemployment c. Efficiency d. Inflation 27. Countries should trade with trading partners that _____. a. Are equally technologically advanced b. Use superior technology in every industry c. Use less advanced technology in every industry d. Use different technologies, because trade benefits all