BIOLOGY 201LA Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Shortfin Mako Shark, Noncoding Dna, Dna Annotation
Document Summary
Genome organization: list 3 reasons why the link between genotype and phenotype can be so complex. a. Overall pattern: increasing genome size increases organism complexity. Vertebrates have a doubled genome early in history, so 4 sets of each gene. Organisms can have similar size and complexity, but different amounts of dna: human, mouse, dog are similar sizes, chicken genome is 1/3 the size, puffer fish is 1/10 size. There is no simple relationship between gene number, chromosome, number, and total genome size: mutjak, salamanders, dinoflagellets, using what you learned about genome organization, explain how evolution might act on the genome to reduce genome size. Errors are more likely to have an impact on organisms with denser dna. Junk dna can have function: mirna regulate gene function, serve as functional elements that control stability and inheritance of chromosomes. Large amounts of junk: large amount of repeated / replicated sequences. Constraints on size are larger for viruses and prokaryotes.
