ED SP 3700 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Nonverbal Communication, Subculture, Personalized Learning

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carminelizard185

9 Nov 2017

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In preparation for exam 1 please be familiar with the following concepts: Idea disability category names- there will be one or two categories, be able to tell what the category is called and what it is. Disability vs. handicap vs. inability- be able to explain the difference. A disability is an inability, but a handicap is a disadvantage. Focus on abilities: person centered- will be given an example. Be able to tell what person centered means. It means to focus on what the individual can do and not what their disability is. Outcome/purpose/definition of special education: be able to tell what special education is or be able to identify in multiple choice. What is the outcome of special education/what is it intended to do improve achievement and behavior. Eligibility requirements: be able to know what the federal law says about eligibility about a child not being able to make satisfactory progress. Prevalence of special education- prevalence rate of special education.

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Psychology of adulthood and aging;

Here is a question related to adulthood/aging that you think science canât answer:

Does age determine adulthood?

Then you will try to demonstrate how science could answer a related question. (Change the question to): When should a person be considered an adult?

Objectives:

Students should be able to speculate as to why two variables might be correlated, identify what a correlation between variables is not telling us, and anticipate what kind of research studies could further clarify a correlation between variables.

Students should be able to define operationalization, hypothesis, and be able to describe the scientific method by which psychologists study adulthood and aging.

a-First psychological variable

b-Give it a label

c-Briefly describe this variable.

Describe how this variable can be operationalized (that is, describe exactly how you determine which category or which value of the variable applies to a particular person or situation).

Second variable that you believe is related to your first variable.

a-Give it a label.

b-Briefly describe this variable.

c-Describe how this variable can be operationalized.

Once the variables are defined, the next step is to predict the relationship between these two variables by writing a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. For now, assume that there is a causal relationship between the two variables even if it would be impossible or unethical to test a causal hypothesis. This means that changing a personâs score on one of the variables (the independent variable) would cause the personâs score on the other variable (the dependent variable) to change. For example, you might say, âIncreasing the amount of violent television that a person watches will cause that person to exhibit more aggressive behaviors.â

Please edit and rewrite the following in YOUR OWN WORDS... sothat it cannot be passed as plagiarism. Also, it needs to passturnitin.com inspection. I am just asking for a very skillfullrewording of this passage that is distinguishably and uniquelydifferent.

What is a CPA?

A CPA, or Certified Public Accountant, is a designation reservedfor accountants in the US who pass the CPA exam. This designationshows an expertise in the field. To become a CPA in the US, astudent must pass the exam and meet other state requirements suchas gaining a certain amount of work experience or furtherededucation. The CPA licenses accountants to provide their servicesto the general public. The CPA designation is taken very seriously,as its requirements maintain that only the most knowledgeableaccounts can qualify. The designation is usually used behind apersonâs name to signify the level of experience, and is often apunishable offense if it is used without actually passing the examand requirements.

The CPA Exam Requirements

International students who want to become an expert inaccounting and achieve the CPA designation will first need to passthe CPA exam. The exam is certainly not easy and tests many of themost important accounting principles. The exam is called theUniform CPA exam, and the eligibility to actually take the examdepends on the exact state the student plans to test in. There arethree main requirements for taking the CPA Exam. They arecategorized as the 3 Eâs: Exam, Education, and experience. One ofthe main qualifications to sit for the exam is advanced education.Undergraduate degrees carry 120 credit hours. The CPA exam usuallyrequires 150 credit hours. This means students will have to achieve30 hours of graduate level coursework. It most cases, aninternational student will take the 30 extra hours and thencomplete a few extra classes to earn a masterâs degree inaccounting. The exam also tests some of the laws of the stateincluding contract and state laws and often tests the knowledge offederal laws as well. The third requirement to sit for the exam isusually some type of experience in the field of accounting. Whilenot mandatory in all states, some states require that a CPAcandidate have 2 years of work experience in accounting or taxpreparation. Some states only require general experience inaccounting.

Learn What a CPA Does

While the main function is to offer public accounting services,the CPA designation can allow accountants to do many other things.One of the main functions of a CPA is auditing, either for a smallor large business. Auditors go through financial statements andmake sure there are no discrepancies. Many CPAs go on to theexecutive levels for companies, as either CFOs or CEOs. Inaddition, many CPAs work in the tax field working income taxes andfederal and state taxes for small or mid-sized companies. Otherroles of CPAs include financial analysts, financial planners,forensic accountants, Management consulting, estate planning andcorporate finance.

The Many Benefits of Becoming a CPA

Certified public accountants are at the top of their field.Students interested in studying accounting should give seriousconsideration about getting the CPA in the US. In order to grow inan accounting career a CPA designation is almost necessary. Inaddition, CPAs will usually get paid higher. Those with a masterâsdegree and CPA will see their salary go up even higher. Inaddition, being a CPA in the US will open the door for so many morecareer opportunities. Accounting professional are a hot commodity,and those with an advanced degree and CPA designation will be onthe top of the list for most employers. Certified publicaccountants in the US have a lot of responsibility, but being atthe top of your field is a great feeling! International studentsinterested in studying accounting will find that becoming a CPA andgraduating with a degree in accounting will allow them to chasethere dream, whatever it may be, because it is such a versatilecareer and skillset.

What types of skills will I need?

To begin a successful career in accounting, you will need todevelop a wide array of knowledge, skills and competencies, rangingfrom a strong understanding of accounting and business concepts toeffective leadership and communication skills. You will also needto have a broad business perspective, which will enable you to "seethe big picture" of the internal and external factors that impacthow a business operates. Technology will also be a major enablerthroughout your career, so it's critical to stay abreast of andutilize new computer applications and systems as necessary.

Problem-solving, analytical and researchskills - You should be able to analyze, compare andinterpret facts and figures. The ability to identify and solveunstructured problems in an unfamiliar setting and provideinsightful consulting advice is a valued quality. Creative thinkingwill help you face issues on a daily basis and generate innovativesolutions. Also, it is essential to be able to effectively andefficiently research, organize and report on technical and/orindustry specific issues utilizing print, electronic or humansources.

Personal skills -Accounting is a service activity, and you will have to work well inteams as well as in one-on-one situations. Critical to anyorganization's success is the ability to lead, motivate and empowerteams to attain clear, concrete, timely and measurable results.

Strong communication skills including the ability tobe a good listener- You will becalled upon to persuasively present, discuss and defend your viewsboth formally and informally, in writing and verbally. Clients andco-workers will present you with issues and questions you will needto interpret and respond to quickly. The ability to show empathyand sensitivity to their situations will position you in afavorable light and earn their respect and trust.

Understand emergingtechnologies- You need to keepcurrent on emerging technologies like e-commerce, image processingand workflow technology, and understand how these impact businessoperations and the use of information for decision making. Youshould know how to use the Internet, e-mail and discussion boards,as well as be familiar with the latest spreadsheet, database, wordprocessing, accounting, and business and presentation softwarepackages.

Broad BusinessPerspective- You need a keenbusiness sense and an awareness of current events, both locally aswell as globally. As a key business partner to clients and/orcompany management, you add value to the organization by makingappropriate recommendations based on your understanding of companyoperations, policies, practices and competitive factors.

Need help revising, and recommendation for a conclusion.

Throughout this paper is my understanding of what I have learned in class chapters 1-4, expressing my understanding and opinions. Economics is the study of how we deal with scarce resources. Microeconomics specially deals with business in the home country exclusively. This type of economics affects small businesses in the home country only. On the other hand, macroeconomics concerns our national welfare concerning trade and international business.

I believe that many things affect our economy on a microeconomics level. Things such as our understanding of our country in reflection to the world are very important. That is why we study ourselves before we study the macroeconomic principle of the world. Understanding ourselves is what microeconomics teaches us. Working from the inside out. The world is a place where there are differences in our wants and what we get. That is what makes items scarce. That is what positive economics is. Positive economics deals with what is and what we have. The other type of economics is called normative statements. This deals with what we should receive instead of what is and deserved to some extent. It's our scarce resources that determine our allocation of resources and how we use our resources and time. This is where opportunity costs come in, giving up something to do something. A successful business or country never ignores opportunity costs. We must ensure that we have a comparative advantage instead of the absolute advantage. Our resources must be used to achieve maximum output. Comparative is met when we have fewer opportunity costs to make some certain products than the other person or entity.

My initial understanding was scarcity was oil potentially running out, but we have so much of it that you can always find more with techniques such as fracking. Now it's obvious to me, one of our most scarce resources is time. You cannot avoid the 8,760 hours in a year. I understand that people have unlimited wants but limited resources. Everything has a cost and we must make a choice as we don't have unlimited farms, factories workers, etc. scarcity forces choices and this ties in with opportunity cost, for every gun made, a theft from the hungry is made. The opportunity cost not being used to feed the poor, but to make guns. And I find it easy to understand no one can have everything choices must be made on benefits. If I'm going to school, imp giving up making cash, as I'm giving up money for an education, I value education more. Scarcity is also related to the invisible hand. As it's an achievement that leads free markets and capitalism through competition for scarce resources.

My understanding of the invisible hand is a person neither intends to promote public interest and does not know how much he is promoting it. Only intending on his own gain. Without being his intention a person can be lead by the invisible hand to do good for society by pursuing one's own self-interest. Going into equity and efficiency the invisible hand does ensure both equity and efficiency. People work in their selfish ways to maximize profit while also contributing to the economy as a whole. It can also be argued that as the invisible hand wants to ensure efficiency, it cannot guarantee efficiency, because it can fail to produce an efficient allocation of resources, which in turn lead to a market failure. It can also be argued that it can't guarantee equity because not everyone gets a fair price. The way I like to remember efficiency is with a real-life example, like a reduction in the number of workers needed to produce a particular good for a particular amount. Equity refers to the ownership interest in an asset, for example, if a person owns a house with a market value of $800,000 and owes $100,000 on the mortgage leaving a $700,000 equity in the home.

It can be predicted that if the price of beef increases - ceteris paribus-the quantity of beef demanded by buys will decrease. In other words, if the price of beef increases, then the quantity of beef increases, then the quantity of beef demanded will decrease because all things have to be equal. In-class lecture thought me all other things remaining the same. Economists use ceteris paribus to determine the effect of a factor when all other factors have been held the same and helps simplify the study and get a more refined data set.

Economists deal with many issues that pertain to assuring that both a countries domestic output is efficient and that there is an effective trade balance. This means that there are a balance and limit on the amount of imports. Also, this means home production must be able to meet export demands. There are many factors that affect the production of goods and their effect on shifting the production possibilities frontier. This involves evaluating every detail including knowing the products and any close substitutes and compliments. It also involves knowing how an action or other external force will affect demand. This is called price elasticity; Substitutes are products that can replace any given product or service. An example of this would be Coke and Pepsi. The presence of substitutes affects price elasticity because if there are other options, then any change to the price or quality of the product will cause a shift of the demand curve. O course, price is a huge reason why the demand for a product decreases or increases yet it doesn't shift the curve because of the price only. This price change will cause a domino effect that will end with the shifting of the demand curve because it will cause an increase or decrease in demand of the substitute good if the price change is either lower or higher respectively. This price change serves as a catalyst that will change people's desire to spend more money on a more expensive product and that will instead choose to buy the substitute good for cheaper or buy more of the desired product. The change in the price of actual products will not shift the demand curve yet the change of the price of substitutes will because it serves to change people's purchasing behavior. On the other hand, compliments serve to boost demand when there is a decrease in price. The use of complementary goods is dependent upon another product. An example of this would be hot dogs and buns. If the price of hotdogs decreases then, conversely, the demand for hot dog buns will increase because of this change in price. In this scenario, the decrease in price will cause a positive shift in the demand curve because of people's desire and willingness to buy more buns. This is an example of a demand shifter. There are a few other demand shifters. The shifters of the demand curve are changes in expectations, disposable income, price of substitute goods and complements, tastes and preferences, and population size and composition. Changes in income affect the demand curve because if income is lower then people tend to save any extra income instead of wasting it. Disposable income is minimized and spending is lower. This also causes people to see a perceived value of things and distinguishing between what is necessary and what is a relative luxury. The lower the income, the higher the saving and avoidance to spend. An example of this would be if someone needs to buy some medication and it is relatively expensive, that doesn't mean that someone won't buy the medication just because it is expensive. It is necessary. Other factors that contribute to spending and demand are having a price ceiling and price floor. Having a price ceiling is a limit on the price of the product this is a government-imposed idea that is meant to protect consumers from unfair pricing and other conditions that may be malicious or obscure. This affects demand because if there is a price ceiling there is a limit on profit on a unit-to-unit basis. The other factor is the price floor. This price floor was created to encourage competition and affect consumers' willingness to pay because sometimes this new price may be higher than the original price. This causes a negative impact on a product that has a less than wanted perceived value. Many factors contribute to economic prosperity and certainly do help assure that information is analyzed and implemented into an economic and business plan.

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ED SP 3700 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Nonverbal Communication, Subculture, Personalized Learning

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