BIOL 102- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 27 pages long!)
13 Oct 2017
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In animals, adhesion is achieved via cadherins, integrins, and other proteins; communication is achieved (in part) by gap junctions. In plants, adhestion is achieved via pectins (carbohhydrates) communication is achieved in part by plasmodesmata: plasmodesmata are intercellular connections lined by extensions of the cell membrane. They also contain a tubule connecting the endomembrane systems of neighboring cells: pectin middle lamella, production of new plant cells occurs in meristems; cells may then expand and differentiate. However, plant cells do not move relative to one another: meristems perpetually embryonic tissues; laid out in a pattern and differentiate independently. Lateral responsible for thickening: secondary growthgrowth, primary growth, primary growth in stems originates in shoot apical meristems, branching in shoots occurs when axillary buds break, dome shaped region. No: red algae (cid:862)rhodophytes(cid:863, thylakoids not appressed, stacked into (cid:862)grana(cid:863) in a red algal (cid:894)rhodphyta(cid:895) chloroplast, pollen: sporopollenin, only in charophytes.
