[CGS NS 201] - Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (23 pages long!)
Document Summary
Homologous genes encode similar transcription factors along the anterior-posterior axes of both insects and vertebrates. Multiple copies prevent a single mutation from having drastic effects. Hox genes are genes that regulate the development of animals. These genes are important for defining the head-tail axis of animals with right-left symmetry. Hox genes are genes literally interchange-able between a fly and a mouse. What is evolution: evolution is the change in genetic composition of populations over time, requires you to look at the gene pool of the population. The gene pool is the sum of all copies of all alleles at all loci in a population. It contains the genetic variation that produces the phenotypic traits on which natural selection acts. How allelic frequencies are determined: allele frequency, genotype frequency: proportion of each genotype in the population, calculation of these frequencies is used to measure evolutionary change, allelic frequencies are estimated by counting alleles in a sample of individuals.
