[BIOL 319] - Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (12 pages long!)
7 Feb 2017
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Life on earth began in early history with microscopic organisms. Microbial life has shaped our atmosphere, our geology, energy cycles. Early microbes evolved into multicellular plants and organisms, including humans. Organism is the unit element of a continuous lineage with an individual evolutionary history . Major trait that distinguishes different types of microorganisms is the posession or absence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus. Eukaryotes: posess a nuclear membrane (nucleus) include fungi, protozoa, and algae lack a nuclear membrane include bacteria and archaea. Examples of bacteria: tetanus, botulism, gonorrhea, chlamydia: methanogens: high-methane environments, extreme halophiles: high-salt conditions, extreme thermophiles: very high or very low temperatures. Photosynthetic aquatic eukaryotes photoautotrophs, with cellulose cell walls. They have both sexual and asexual reproductive forms. Examples: alexandrium causes paralytic shellfish poisoning (psp), pseudo-nitzschia tuberculosis multiseries causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (asp) [some would describe some as protists], Prototheca causes skin infections in humans human pathogens are composed of filaments called hyphae etc. roundworms (nematodes)
