PHILOS 25A Study Guide - Final Guide: Socratic Dialogue, Cardinal Virtues, Milesian School
Document Summary
In the philosophical language of the archaic period, arche designates the source, origin, or root of things that exist. The cosmos is the universe regarded as a complex and orderly system the opposite of chaos. Diogenes (page 100) adopts material monism: there is a single basic stuff, air, which undergoes alteration, through the mechanism of condensation and rarefaction, to become all the other elements of the cosmos; everything is a form of air. The belief that there exists a primary material substance from which all other things in the kosmos originate. He asserted that a single divine law controls and steers the cosmos. The word logos means, among other things, account, or thing said, or even word. To give a logos is to say something, but also to give an explanation. Heraclitus" theory of logos posits that all things come into being in accordance with logos.
