CHEM 1500 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Stoichiometry, Molar Concentration, Reagent

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18 Dec 2018

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Which of the following are true? [check all that apply] Ternary salts are compounds that result from replacing the hydrogen in a ternary acid with metal ion or ammonium ion. Ternary compound consists of two elements. Most transition metals and the metals of group 3A (except Al), 4A, and 5A exhibit more than one oxidation state, thus, they may form two or more binary compounds with the same nonmetals. Ternary acids are compounds of hydrogen, oxygen and (usually) a metal. Nearly all binary molecular compounds involve two nonmetals bonded together. Prefix tetra- represents the number five. Binary compound consists of two elements. To name binary compound, the less electronegative element is named first and the more electronegative element is named second. Binary acids arc compounds in which H is bonded to a group 6A element other than that O or to a group 7A element. To name binary ionic compounds which contains metal cations and nonmetal anions, the anion Is named first and cation

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Oxidation states are important for keeping track of electrons in oxidation-reduction reactions. Here are some general rules to remember:

In most cases, oxygen has an oxidation state of ?2.
Group 1 and group 2 elements on the periodic table have +1 and +2 oxidation states, respectively.
In most cases, hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1.
Many elements can have more than one oxidation state. In such cases, use the other elements in the compound whose oxidation states are known to determine the oxidation state of the element that varies.

Neutral compounds

In a neutral compound, the sum of the oxidation states is zero. Note that the sign of the oxidation states and the number of atoms associated with each oxidation state must be considered. In H2O, for example, each hydrogen atom has an oxidation state of +1 and each oxygen atom has an oxidation state of ?2 for a total of 2(+1)+(?2)=0.

Part A

What is the oxidation state of an individual carbon atom in CaCO3?

Express the oxidation state numerically (e.g., +1).

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Part B

What is the oxidation state of an individual nitrogen atom in HNO3?

Express the oxidation state numerically (e.g., +1).

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Ions

In an ion, the sum of the oxidation states is equal to the overall ionic charge. Note that the sign of the oxidation states and the number of atoms associated with each oxidation state must be considered. In OH?, for example, the oxygen atom has an oxidation state of ?2 and the hydrogen atom has an oxidation state of +1, for a total of (?2)+(+1)=?1.

Part C

What is the oxidation state of an individual sulfur atom in SO32??

Express the oxidation state numerically (e.g., +1).

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Part D

What is the oxidation state of each individual carbon atom in C2O42??

Express the oxidation state numerically (e.g., +1).

Also show how you found answer.

CHEM 1500 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Stoichiometry, Molar Concentration, Reagent

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