SY232 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Mental Disorder, Schizophrenia, Major Depressive Disorder
SY232
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Wednesday, September 13, 2017
Class 1
ARTICLES in part 1
The relationship between sociology and psychiatry has been a bumpy one, where
sometimes the two fields relate, but mostly not.
-Shalin 2013 is about another man Goffman.
Goffman was a really big name in sociology of mental illness. The article brings a slang
to talking about Goffman’s books. Asylum in 1961 is an important one which captures
the readings taken in mental asylums, which is completely and utterly dreadful. e.g.
brick bedrooms, locked in, treatment was insignificant almost nothing, and the ward
system was reward and punishment for good and bad. this didn't work and there were
people who shouldn't have been there being locked up and this institutionalization
eventually fell apart where in the 70s people from these assignments were simply left
out on the streets.
these were very expensive asylums when it got into the 60s as civil service unions
started taking over and demanded civil service salaries which later went on to demand
educated people with experience. the 60s saw a financial failure to solve these things
along with many complaints about how useless and dreadful they were.
however, you traded one problem in for another problem as the people who were
‘dumped’ onto the streets led to former mental patients now being homeless.
Goffman saw mental illness as a social construct as the categories that these ill people
were put in were human constructions and he sees asylums not helping or being useful.
in 1969 he writes an article (see in notes). his tone is more serious,the irony and
sarcasm from his work is gone, it looks at what was happening in Goffman’s personal
life. he was married who had her own career and while Goffman was doing his work, his
wife was seeing a psychiatrist which didn't go well as she unsuccessfully attempted
suicide. Goffman was extremely unhappy with the quality of care she was given. part of
his ill feeling towards asylum and psychiatry comes from it being a personal battle for
him.
he moved to berkley. his wife had her own career in the field of mental health. however
there were several problems in his marriage. in 1964 his wife commits suicide.
the article talks about how all these factors in Goffman’s life leads to shaping his opinion
about psychiatry. the article says that you need to understand Goffman in order to
understand his work.
!1
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Wednesday, September 13, 2017
Goffman tended to be on the social construction side of things i.e. mental illness is a
social concept that is partly caused by the way you live your life. when his wife died, the
author in the article says, Goffman’s personal opinions started changing his professional
life. he started thinking more about the stigmatization of mental illness and was a little
less certain of his belief of the social construction side of mental illness. he then started
wondering if biology and medicine did indeed play a role in this.
-Scheff 1963 is about the role of the mentally ill
He is a sociologist.
One of the things he wants to point out is that social process underlies how mental
illness is perceived. he has 9 points about how mental illness arises (read in notes).
most mental illness isn't called so. i.e. the mental illness we do talk about is a very small
part of a much bigger thing.
people have stereo types about how people should behave. our society keeps
reaffirming the same stereotypes.
once you say you're mentally ill you can either assume the sick role or resist it at which
point people will point at you saying you're sicker because you are in denial. sometimes
playing the sick role can get you locked up. its a lose lose situation.
the label is a self fulfilling prophecy and it follows you forever
labels are the most important cause of future deviance. its not about the biological
process, but more about how people see people. you need to be careful in a crisis. you
need to dry out and be with people you trust before you make a decision.
the society needs more education and tolerance so people aren't treated differently.
-Rosanhan 1973 is on being sane
how do we know insanity when we see it? we just don't know. he wants to put this to a
test of how do people even know.
he got 8 people and went to 12 different hospitals. they were pseudo patients and go to
admissions and simply say they were hearing voices i.e. the classic symptoms of
schizophrenia, which led to an automatic diagnosis. all these 8 people were admitted to
a psychiatric wards without conducting any further tests. once they had been admitted
they would behave normally. the question then was how would doctors and nurses
process the patients who were acting normally in the ward after saying they hear voices
one night. the patients were all released with the prognosis “schizophrenia in remission”
!2
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Document Summary
The relationship between sociology and psychiatry has been a bumpy one, where sometimes the two elds relate, but mostly not. Goffman was a really big name in sociology of mental illness. Wednesday, september 13, 2017 institutions run on labels, which are basically there forever. the publishing of this article led to psychiatrists being deemed as ignorant and incompetent. sociology was just torching the psychiatric institutions. Wednesday, september 13, 2017 psychiatrists are looking for a paradigm shift, for something new. 5 variations of psychiatry (notes) cognitive behaviour- therapy. corner stone of practical psychiatry. Wednesday, september 13, 2017 how we look at stress has changed over time. The nal one came out in 2013. every revision isn"t just about science but also about politics: scott 1990- ptsd in the dsm 3- came out in 1980. However vietnam war was just breaking out into a train wreck war which they didn"t see coming and took out.
