Political Science 1020E Study Guide - Quiz Guide: United Nations Industrial Development Organization, International Labour Organization, World Food Programme
4 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
International Health Governance
* The World Health Organization was established in the 1950’s
* The IMF stands for “International Monetary Foundation”
ERAS OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH ACTIVITY
● Meeting and Greeting, 1851-1902
○ Early meetings and agreements on the need to share information on epidemic
outbreaks and enforce quarantine during the imperial era.
○ 1851 International Sanitary Conference in Paris
■ first international health conference
■ discussing cholera
■ a lot of this was to predict trade, protect their own national interest
○ 1902 Pan American Sanitary Bureau
■ “to collect and bring knowledge….which relate[s] to public health and
especially regards infectious diseases, notably cholera, plague, and
yellow fever…”
■ building of the panama canal lead to many disease outbreaks
■ major impact on the development of the international organizations
● Institution Building, 1902-1939
○ First international health agencies established.
○ Sanitary treaties signed.
○ Disease campaigns.
○ all to prevent or reduce disease
○ 1903 L’OFFICE INTERNATIONALE D’HYGIENE PUBLIQUE (OIHP) – “PARIS
OFFICE”
■ “to collect and bring to the knowledge of the participating states the
facts…which relate to public health…especially with regards to infectious
diseases, notably cholera, plague, yellow fever”
○ 1920 LEAGUE OF NATIONS HEALTH ORGANIZATION
■ Grew out of League of Nations -- later developed into the UN
■ Broad scope and mandate
● Bureaucratization & Professionalization, 1946-1970
○ Permanent health organization founded
○ Large scale training of personnel
○ Global disease campaigns.
● Contested Success, 1970-1985
○ Vertical campaigns versus horizontal health and social infrastructure
efforts
● Evidence and Evaluation, 1985-present
○ Demand for measurable successes and “evidence-based” interventions.
○ Reinforcement of technical and cost-effective disease control efforts.
○ Alternate paradigm stressing social justice, infrastructure, human rights
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○ most recent developments
Horizontal vs. Vertical Approaches
● 'horizontal approach'
○ seeks to tackle the over-all health problems on a wide front and on a long-
term basis through the creation of a system of permanent institutions
commonly known as 'general health services'
○ ex. figure out how to end malaria, get people out of poverty so they can afford
health care, give access to health services
● 'vertical approach'
○ calls for solution of a given health problem by means of single-purpose
machinery. For the latter type of programme the term 'mass campaign' has
become widely accepted
○ ex. global fund, send nets, medicine etc, diagnose cases of malaria earlier
Key Players: Multilateral International Agencies
● UN Organizations
○ UN Development Programme (UNDP)
■ The UN’s largest source of grants for sustainable human development
■ Facilitates technical cooperation.
○ UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
■ Lead UN organization working for the survival, protection, and
development of children.
○ UN Environment Programme (UNEP)
■ Encourages sound environmental practices
○ UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
○ World Food Programme (WFP)
○ UN Population Fund (UNFPA)
○ UNAIDS
● Autonomous UN Organizations
○ Agencies linked to the UN through specific agreements, but autonomous
from the UN itself.
■ International Labour Organization (ILO)
■ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
■ UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
■ International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
■ UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
● World Health Organization
○ CENTRAL TECHNICAL SERVICES
■ Epidemiological intelligence, international health agreements,
standardization of vaccines and pharmaceuticals, and knowledge
dissemination
○ SERVICES TO GOVERNMENTS
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
* the world health organization was established in the 1950"s. * the imf stands for international monetary foundation . Early meetings and agreements on the need to share information on epidemic outbreaks and enforce quarantine during the imperial era. 1851 international sanitary conference in paris first international health conference. A lot of this was to predict trade, protect their own national interest. To collect and bring knowledge . which relate[s] to public health and especially regards infectious diseases, notably cholera, plague, and yellow fever . Building of the panama canal lead to many disease outbreaks. Major impact on the development of the international organizations. 1903 l"office internationale d"hygiene publique (oihp) paris. To collect and bring to the knowledge of the participating states the facts which relate to public health especially with regards to infectious diseases, notably cholera, plague, yellow fever . Grew out of league of nations -- later developed into the un.
