Business Administration 1220E Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Life-Cycle Assessment, Respect Diversity, Impact Assessment
7 Oct 2018
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Cradle to cradle
Read: Braungart, Bakker et al, EPA p.1-6, Limburg and c2c
Watch: done
Braungart, McDonough & Bollinger – Cradle-to-cradle designs
• Eco-efficiency: increase economic value while decreasing ecological impact
o Strategies: dematerialization, resource productivity, reduce toxicity,
recyclability (downcycling), extend lifespan
o Decoupling relationship economy and ecology
o Reactionary approach that does not address need for fundamental redesign
o at odds with long-term economic growth and innovation (limit
dematerialization)
o not effectively address issue of toxicity (even small toxic amounts have
large risks)
• Eco-effectiveness: transformation products and flows: C2C and upcycling
o Modelled on successful interdependence and regenerative productivity
nature
o C2C design: separate biological from technical metabolism
• Stepwise strategy to reach eco-effectiveness in design:
o Free of…: replace most dangerous substances
o Personal preferences: choose included substances based on best available
info
o The passive positive list: classify substances according to suitability bio
cycle
o Active positive list: optimize passive list by dividing biological and
technical nutrients
o Reinvention: of relationship of product with the consumer (eg lease)
• Eco-effective nutrient management: collaborative business structure, information
and finance flows
• Intelligent materials pooling: collaboration economic actors within technical
cycle: pool resources, knowledge and purchasing power in materials bank
Bakker et al. – designing cradle-to-cradle products: a reality check
• C2C has led to much enthusiasm outside academia but sceptical within
• 3 principles guide transition from eco-efficiency to eco-effectiveness
o Waste = food
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Business Administration 1220E Full Course Notes
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