Biology 2581B Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Reactive Oxygen Species, Vinyl Chloride, Cervical Cancer
3 May 2020
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Learning objectives: revise main dna repair mechanisms, understand how spontaneous chemical changes can alter dna, learn about the different types of mutagenic agents, understand the role of viruses in causing mutations. = carcinogenesis is a multiple process resulting from the accumulation of mutations (tumour progression) Sequence of randomly occurring mutations and epigenetic alteration of dna => affect the controlling of cell proliferation and survival. Could take place at several places throughout human body and advances as we age. Effect of age: higher incidence of cancer when we get older. Chemical e. g. asbestos, cadmium, chromium, vinyl chloride, nitrosamines. Viruses e. g. hbv (liver cancer), ebv (burkitt lymphoma) and hpv (cervix cancer) Spontaneous dna mutations: mistakes in dna replication. = misincorporation of deoxynucleotide during replication: nucleotides within dna molecules undergo chemical changes spontaneously. = alter the base sequence of dna free radical (a. k. a. = molecules generated endogenously by normal cell metabolism e. g. ros.
