POL101Y1 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Individual And Group Rights, Party System
Document Summary
Different remedies for underrepresentation are logically appropriate for different groups. Quotas suit groups whose boundaries crosscut partisan divisions. Reservations which create incentives for the formation of group-specific parties and permit them direct legislative representation, suit groups whose boundaries coincide with political cleavages. Women and men belong to all ethnic groups, members of ethnic groups usually belong to one. Gender defines how people vote, whereas ethnicity does. Policies to guarantee group representation generally assume one of two forms: candidate nomination quotas in political parties. Quotas require minimum number of candidates fielded by political parties for general election have certain demographic characteristics: legislative reservations. Set aside fixed percentage of seats for members of a certain group. May be filled through competitive election, election by voters registered on separate roll, by group member receiving most number of votes, or though designation by political parties. Gender quotas and ethnic reservations in electoral democracies.
