LIN204H1 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Epistemic Modality, Regular And Irregular Verbs, Preterite
Document Summary
Chapter 3: verbs, tense, aspect, and mood. Shape sharing b/w preterite vs. past participle. Can test this by substituting an irregular verb to replace the regular verb (e. g. fly flew vs. flown) Shape sharing b/w plain present vs. plain form. Negation, subject- verb inversion, emphasis, and ellipsis. Lack secondary forms (e. g. *shoulding) Lack 3rd singular present forms (e. g. *she coulds swim) Can be followed by bare infinitival forms (not to- infinitives!! ; e. g. can go, should walk) Uses of preterite tense: past time reference, modal remoteness, backshift. Indicates two levels of past. Can express both past tense and one of modal remoteness/backshift, we need to use the preterite perfect. Deontic modality: has to do with obligation (e. g. he should go) Epistemic modality: has to do with knowledge (e. g. he may go) Dynamic modality: everything other than certainty, necessity, and obligation such as ability (he can go) and volition (he will go) Chapter 4: clause structure, complements, and adjuncts.
