IMM250H1 Study Guide - Final Guide: Adaptive Immune System

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redtermite204

18 Apr 2011

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Impact on world history: example of how the immune system responds to pathogen can shape history, etc, deadly, 1350-1400, 30-60% europeans killed, 1550, europe"s population recovered. Spread through trade routes, people moving to cities then to countryside: rats carrying fleas carrying yersinia pestis. cats considered evil then \ no natural rat predators. consequences: farmers killed , mongol empire collapsed, unknown mechanism \ food supplies cut off, starvation superstition had jews persecuted, suspected of poisoning wells, civic services shut down \ more taxes on peasants, Black death survivors had immunological advantage: retrospective studies (cid:222) survivors and victims genes different between, survivors had more resources \ noun: the quality or state of being immune; especially, a condition of being able to resist a particular disease : 14th century. 2000 bc, babylonian epic of gilgamesh (fabled hero-king) contained accounts of disease and pestilence.

Related Questions

A. There are many autoimmune diseases wherein the immune systemattacks the body's own cells. These diseases seem to indicate aflaw in the immune system, and it seems odd that natural selectionhas not led to an immune system with a better concept of "self".Why have these autoimmune responses remained a part of the immunesystem? What are some situations where it would be advantageous forthe immune system to target the body's cells?

B. Vibrio cholerae is a bacterium that enters the body throughthe fecal-oral route and can lead to severe diarrhea, and in somecases, death. There are an estimated 3-5 million cases per year,with 100,000 deaths resulting from infection.

i. What is the main reason that our body may not wantto induce a potent immune attack of this type of pathogen?

ii. Although vaccines to cholera do exist, they are only about50% effective. Since the bacteria infect the gut, oral vaccinesroutes have been more effective than injected vaccines. What keydifference in our body

salmondinosaur263

According to a study performed over a -year time period and reported in the Annals of Surgery, 151 patients with malignant melanoma were treated with BCG immunotherapy (NB. BCG is a weakened but live strain of Mycobacterium bovis used as part of the "childhood vaccination regime in European countries", but not in the US.) alone or as an adjunct to surgical therapy. One finding in these studies was that direct injection of metastatic melanoma lesions limited to the skin resulted in 90% regression of the injected lesions and 17% regression of uninjected lesions in immunocompetent patients. Approximately 25% of these patients remained free of disease for 1 to 6 years. Contrastingly, however, direct injections of BCG into the melanomic nodules of patients with subcutaneous metastases resulted in a lower incidence of local control and no long-term survivors.

Give what you know about the immune system, to date, and specifically in respect to the Type IV DTH, how would you interpret these clinical results in terms of the immune mechanism(s) and the differences observed in the two test groups?

orchiddinosaur859

5-If a farmer sprays a pesticide onto a field and kills half ofthe insect pests, he has caused a reduction in________.
a. field capacity
b. carrying capacity
c. population size
d. More than one of the above

6-What type of survivorship curve would you expect for a plantspecies in which only a few seeds are produced and most of thesesurvive to produce adult plants?
a. type I
b. type II
c. type III

7-An ecological niche is an organism's_______ in anecosystem.
a. location
b. habitat
c. resources
d. function

8-No matter how rapidly populations grow, they eventually reacha limit and begin to stabilize. This is called the______________.

9-Unicellular algae live in the tissues of coral animals. Thealgae provide food for the coral, while the coral provides a stablehome for the algae. This is an example of
a. Parasitism
b. Commensalism
c. Mutualism

10-The vast majority of energy taken into an ecosystemis____________.
a. converted into biomass by plants.
b. utilized by secondary consumers.
c. lost as heat.
d. used by the primary consumers.
e. concentrated in the decomposers.

11-A farmer is using an insecticide to treat his crops. Whilemost insects do not survive their first exposure to the insecticidesome have a gene that enables them to survive. When these survivorsreproduce they will likely pass along this resistance to theiroffspring. This results in an increase in numbers of the insectsover time. Which of the following processes applies to thissurvival?
a. cloning
b. mutation
c. natural selection
d. genetic engineering

12-What is the ecological relationship between insects andcrops?
a. mutualism
b. competition
c. predation

13-Sea anemones growing on the backs of crabs without damagingthe crabs are an example of
a. Parasitism
b. Commensalism
c. Mutualism

14-Which of these is a population density-independent regulatingfactor?
a. Competition
b. Predation
c. Size of population
d. Weather
e. Resource availability

15-Producers are_________.
a. Autotrophs
b. Herbivores
c. Omnivores
d. Carnivores

16-If biological magnification occurs, the ___ will have thehighest levels of toxins in their systems.
a. producers
b. herbivores
c. primary carnivores
d. top carnivores

17Given the amount of sunlight that hits the plants on ourplanet, and the ability of plants for rapid growth andreproduction, how come we arenât all hip deep in dead plants?

limeyellowjacket171

IMM250H1 Study Guide - Final Guide: Adaptive Immune System

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