HMB302H1 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Kidney Bean, Euchromatin, Chemotaxis
Blood
Blood
Simple form of connective tissue
Specialized because it has all the three components of connective tissue
o Interstitial Fluid - plasma
oFibres - in clotting (fibrin)
oCells - RBC and WBC
RBC and WBC --> use this as a guide
Good chance you're going to have RBCs there, use that to your
advantage when getting the relative size to the features around it
WBC
Bright to dark red, viscous, slightly alkaline fluid that accounts for approx. 7% of your
body weight (5L)
oRed - depends on oxygenation level
"Specialized Connective Tissue"
Circulates throughout the body via the circulatory system and thus an excellent vehicle
for the transport of material
oBlood does a lot of functions - it's a transportation system
You're transporting food and nutrients to your tissues as well as taking the
waste products out of the system
Not only that it is a good vehicle for getting cells, specifically WBC to a specific
location where they are required
Function include: transport of nutrients and waste products, cellular products,
electrolyes, oxygen, regulating body temperature, maintaining acid/base and osmotic
balance, inflammation and wound repair
oEspecially acute inflammation
Plasma
Yellowish fluid containing cells, platelets, many compounds and electrolytes
90% is water, 7% is protein
oAlbumin and globulins are the important ones
Complement think immunology
Clotting proteins --> plasma lipoproteins
Cells within Blood
Erythrocytes
RBCs --> no nucleus at all (frogs do)
oMake sure you look at both types of blood in class
With the exception of mammals, all RBCs are nucleated. Mammals enucleated
Biconcave shaped disc (7.5 diameter; 2 thick)
oDiameter - can use that as a rough size to guestimate the size of other
elements around
Shape gives a greater surface area for gas exchange, relative to its volume
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
No organelles, but have soluble enzymes in their cytoplasm
Hemoglobin - oxygen exchange
Typical Blood Smear - this does not mimic what happens in your body
The RBCs will look similar
Lymphocytes will stay the same
But a lot of these cells here will be pleomorphic
In a smear they'll round up
Leukocytes
RBCs will outnumber - not as abundant as RBCs
All of them contain a nucleus
You do not want them to function within the blood stream - you do not want their major
function in the blood stream because they are involved in inflammation etc. resulting in
a lot of damage
Use as a vehicle to get to the site of infection
Two kinds
oGranular leukocytes = irregular shaped nuclei + granules
Granules within the cytoplasm
If tiny and neutral enough will not seem them clearly
oAgranular = nuclei regular in shape; rare to find granules present
Will not be able to see granules within them
Granular Leukocytes
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Neutrophils, PMNs, polys - represent 65%-75% of all leukocytes
3-5 lobe nucleus, common ID feature! Size ~9 to 12µm diameter
oReally look bizarre
oWhy is the nucleus shaped like that? We really don't know
In terms of size these are human sizes so there may be variation
Granules, not acidic or basic = neutral
oDon't be shocked if you don't see the granules
o But in between - contain a number of enzymes that participate in the process of
phagocytosis (azurophillic granules - lysosomes )
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Specialized because it has all the three components of connective tissue: interstitial fluid - plasma, fibres - in clotting (fibrin, cells - rbc and wbc. Rbc and wbc --> use this as a guide. Good chance you"re going to have rbcs there, use that to your advantage when getting the relative size to the features around it. Bright to dark red, viscous, slightly alkaline fluid that accounts for approx. 7% of your body weight (5l: red - depends on oxygenation level. Circulates throughout the body via the circulatory system and thus an excellent vehicle for the transport of material: blood does a lot of functions - it"s a transportation system. You"re transporting food and nutrients to your tissues as well as taking the waste products out of the system. Not only that it is a good vehicle for getting cells, specifically wbc to a specific location where they are required.
