[CHM139H1] - Final Exam Guide - Ultimate 47 pages long Study Guide!

• School: UTSG
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CHM135H1
• Professor: Jessica D' Eon

Document Summary

1. 1: the scientific method in a chemical context improved pharmaceutical insulin. Diabetes is caused by inadequate production and/or use of insulin: a ho(cid:396)(cid:373)o(cid:374)e i(cid:374)(cid:448)ol(cid:448)ed i(cid:374) the (cid:271)od(cid:455)(cid:859)s (cid:373)eta(cid:271)olis(cid:373) of glu(cid:272)ose, high blood glucose levels can lead to severe long-term consequences: Large increases in blood-glucose levels: hyperglycemia: failure to adhere insulin 30 minutes prior to a meal. Low blood-glucose levels: hypoglycemia: can cause confusion, unconsciousness, and seizures. I(cid:374)(cid:272)(cid:396)eased sta(cid:271)ilit(cid:455) (cid:396)esults f(cid:396)o(cid:373) agg(cid:396)egatio(cid:374) of i(cid:374)suli(cid:374) (cid:858)(cid:373)o(cid:374)o(cid:373)e(cid:396)s(cid:859) (cid:894)si(cid:374)gle (cid:373)ole(cid:272)ule(cid:895) i(cid:374)to (cid:858)he(cid:454)a(cid:373)e(cid:396)s(cid:859) (cid:894)(cid:272)luste(cid:396)s of (cid:1010) i(cid:374)suli(cid:374) (cid:373)ole(cid:272)ules(cid:895) (cid:858)he(cid:454)a(cid:373)e(cid:396)s(cid:859) disso(cid:272)iate (cid:894)(cid:271)(cid:396)eak apa(cid:396)t(cid:895) i(cid:374)to (cid:858)(cid:373)o(cid:374)o(cid:373)e(cid:396)s(cid:859) as i(cid:374)suli(cid:374) (cid:271)e(cid:272)o(cid:373)es diluted i(cid:374) the body. *note: only the monomeric form can enter the cell by crossing the capillary membrane. Peak concentration occurs 2-4 hours after injection. Scientific method: process involving the formulation of questions and conjectures arising from observations, careful design of experiments, and thoughtful analysis of results. Involves identifying ways to test the validity of new ideas: seldom is there one way to go about it.