BIOL239 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Frameshift Mutation, Sydney Brenner, Francis Crick
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Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of the fact that DNA polymerase can only build onto the end of an existing nucleic acid?
Question 6 options:
| DNA replication requires primers | |
| Bits of DNA are lost from the ends of your chromosomes in each successive round of replication | |
| RNA is involved in DNA replication | |
| The enzyme "primase" is needed for DNA replication | |
| There are multiple origins of replication on each eukaryotic chromosome |
How does a nucleotide sequence code for a protein in nearly all living organisms?
Question 7 options:
| a sequence of 3 nucleotides can code for one of 64 different amino acids | |
| a sequence of 2 nucleotides can code for one of 64 different amino acids | |
| a sequence of 2 nucleotides can code for one of 20 different amino acids | |
| a sequence of 3 nucleotides can code for one of 20 different amino acids | |
| a sequence of 3 nucleotides can code for 3 different amino acids |
Fill in the blanks. To make one strand of DNA, _________ monomers are linked together in a chain, forming a polymer we call a(n) ________ .
Question 8 options:
| nitrogenous bases, hydrogen bond | |
| nucleotide, nucleic acid | |
| amino acid, nucleic acid | |
| nucleotide, nitrogenous base | |
| amino acid, protein |
Which of the following was NOT part of the ideas that Darwin used in his book On the Origin of Species?
Question 9 options:
| organisms vary in characteristics that affect survival and reproduction | |
| variation in traits is often heritable | |
| descent with modification explains life's unity and life's diversity | |
| organisms inherit characteristics from their parents that the parents acquired in their own lifetimes | |
| natural selection is a cause of adaptive evolution |
Here is a hypothetical mRNA sequence:
5' G G A U G C U A G U A U G A 3'
What is the amino acid sequence encoded by this mRNA?
Question 10 options:
| Met-Ile-Val | |
| Asp-Ala-Ser-Met | |
| Met-Leu-Val | |
| Ser-Met-Ile-Val | |
| Gly-Cys |
Fill in the blank. Elongation during translation does NOT involve ____________.
Question 16 options:
| the translation of codons according to the genetic code | |
| the formation of bonds catalyzed by the ribosome | |
| complementary base pairing between RNA molecules | |
| amino acids being linked together in a polypeptide | |
| reading the DNA template 3' to 5' |
For a given gene, what establishes the reading frame for translation?
Question 17 options:
| the location of the enhancer relative to the gene | |
| the first three nucleotides at the 5' end of the mRNA | |
| the first three nucleotides at the 3' end of the mRNA | |
| the start codon in the mRNA | |
| the location of the promoter relative to the gene |
Which of the following is the LEAST likely direct consequence of a substitution mutation?
Question 18 options:
| changing the length of a protein coded for by a gene | |
| changing one amino acid in a protein | |
| creating a stop codon | |
| eliminating a start codon | |
| changing the length of the DNA molecule containing a gene |
Suppose that the pre-mRNA transcript from a eukaryotic gene is 30,000 nucleotides long, and the gene codes for a sequence of 300 amino acids. What is the best explanation for the relationship between these numbers?
Question 19 options:
| only the first 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated | |
| it takes 100 nucleotides to specify a single amino acid | |
| 300 of the nucleotides in the transcript are important, and the rest are "junk" | |
| only the last 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated | |
| large portions of pre-mRNA transcripts are cut out during RNA processing |
Suppose an individual is born into a population with a novel mutation. Is the new mutation an evolutionary change, and why?
Question 20 options:
| no, because it is not a big enough change to count | |
| yes, because new mutations are always adaptive | |
| yes, because the appearance of a new genetic variant is a genetic change in a population | |
| no, because not enough individuals have the mutation for it to matter | |
| no, because most mutations are not adaptive |
5). The table shows five different mutations of a small section of a gene.
Use the base-pairing rules to complete the second column. For each mutation, write the sequence for any mRNA codons that will be changed as a result of the mutation in bold. Write any codons that wonât be changed in regular font.
Using the genetic code chart from question #3, identify any stop codons in the mRNA molecules â write these codons in red
For each mutation, write any amino acids that will be changed in the last column in bold font. Use red XXXs to indicate any amino acids that will be missing as a result of stop codons and use use regular font indicate any amino acids that will not be changed.
| DNA (Template Strand) | mRNA codon | Polypeptide |
| Original DNA = GCAAGTACCTGA | CGU UCA UGG ACU | arg â ser â trp â thr |
| Mutation = GCCAGTACCTGA (nucleotide change underlined) | ____ ____ ____ ____ | ___ ___ ___ ___ |
| Mutation = GCACGTACCTGA (nucleotide change underlined) | ____ ____ ____ ____ | ___ ___ ___ ___ |
| Mutation = GCAAGTACTTGA (nucleotide change underlined) | ____ ____ ____ ____ | ___ ___ ___ ___ |
| Mutation = GAAGTACCTGA (first C deleted) | ____ ____ ____ ____ | ___ ___ ___ ___ |
| Mutation = GCAAGTACTGA (second C deleted) | ____ ____ ____ ____ | ___ ___ ___ ___ |
