ANBI 470.3 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Protein, Pathogen, Bacteria
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
ANBI 470.3
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Biotechnology and Animal health: Vaccines
- vaccinology is all about the immunological memory
1st exposure: development of antibodies in blood are low
- longer process to find and bind cells
2nd exposure there is a more rapid and more high magnitude of antibodies formed (memory
response)
- have memory cells so can do the handshakes in the periphery
if the 1st exposure is an actual infection by the time you can produce antibodies you will be
very ill or dead
if you survive that then the 2nd exposure will be more rapid and you will not get as sick
vaccine is so there is no 1st exposure with illness
- develop primary response which includes the generation of memory cells
- if can generate enough memory when you are actually exposure to the live pathogen
then you can form a more rapid and high magnitude response so you can stop getting
symptoms or death from the pathogen
sometimes we give booster vaccines: this is due to because it takes time to build up a primary
response and memory so that when you are actually exposed to the pathogen you will be
protected because the memory is strong enough
The ideal Vaccine
- safe for all individuals
onon-living vaccines inherently safer
onon-toxic
oneed to be safe, do not want to inject a vaccine that actually causes disease
- induce appropriate PROTECTIVE response
oprotected immune response: that we don't just want to generate an immune
response we want to generate one that is effective in not showing clinical signs
and is effective at stopping the pathogen at second exposure
ocellular versus humoral immune response
obroad cross protection against variants
osometimes the virus changes all the time= natural mutagenic shifts so that the
antigen we are trying to get an immune response against changes( flu vaccines)
oantibodies alone might not protect us from a pathogen because they are in cells
some pathogens it is not good enough to just make antibodies but need
to make cytotoxic T cells s well
- long lasting
olifetime protection
- overcomes maternal immunity
omaternal immunity: antibodies from mom
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
owant to protect babies as soon as possible BUT you cannot vaccinate right after
birth because of maternal immunity
othe antibodies from the mom will defend off the pathogen you vaccinate the
baby with and will clear the pathogen
oso the presents of antibodies against the pathogen your vaccinating against
causes rapid clearing of the pathogen and not enough exposure to have a full
immune response to the pathogen
oso vaccinate later when material immunity has declined
need to find sweet spot where there are no maternal antibodies clearing
the pathogen and that there are new antibodies in the calve are
developed to have immune response against the pathogen
- easily administered
opreferably oral
- single dose
oversus primary and booster
- inexpensive to produce
- stable
oavoid requirement for cold storage
oavoid necessity for reconstitution
remove water: things can't go bad
drying something can make it stay good on the shelve for long period of
time so avoids cold storage
but still have to reconstitution of the dry stuff with clean sterile water
if use contaminated water this can cause loss of stability of vaccines
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Biotechnology and animal health: vaccines vaccinology is all about the immunological memory. 1st exposure: development of antibodies in blood are low longer process to find and bind cells. Drying something can make it stay good on the shelve for long period of time so avoids cold storage. But still have to reconstitution of the dry stuff with clean sterile water if use contaminated water this can cause loss of stability of vaccines. Subunit vaccine contains 1 or at most a few components of the infectious agent usually recombinantly produced advantages: safe because purifying a protein disadvantages, must identify subunit eliciting protective immunity. Have to identify which protein to make that is protected an if you make antibodies against just one protein will it be protected? sometimes if inject with the whole organism then you are protected against tons of proteins.
