ANBI 320.3 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Horse, Farrier, Sulci
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
ANBI 320.3
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Lecture 1: The Horse in Society
Hippology- the study of horses
Hippophagy – act of eating horse
What is the horse`s role in society?
How did that role come into being or how did it evolve?
What can you do with a horse?
- Ride it
- Drive it
- Lead it
- Pet it
- Bet on it ( horse racing)
- Eat it
- Therapeutic use
We know that horses were hunted for meat 10,000 years ago; would not be the easiest prey
due to hoe fast they are and can run a long way
Today, at least in North America, we are looking at horse a little differently:
- American Horse Slaughter Prevention Act: which prohibited shipping, transport, moving,
delivering, receiving, processing, purchasing, selling or donation of horses and other
equines to be slaughtered for human consumption and for other purposes.
- It is not illegal in the US to slaughter horses for human consumption BUT there are no
horse slaughter facilities in the US
- Horse rescue and adoption associations have proliferated as the movement to end the
slaughter of horses for meat gains ground
o How might this movement affect the horse industry?
We now look at horses we are going to adopt instead of buying a horse
Adoption you become the guardian and the horse is no longer an object
oWhat are some of the possible negative repercussions of ending the slaughter
of horses?
Aryan people (on Asian steppes between the Black and Caspian seas) domesticated the horse at
least 6,000 years ago.
The first equids domesticated were the: Tarpan, Onager, and Ass
- It is believed that the tarpan was used as a pack animal and was ridden and driven in
addition to being used as a source of meat and milk.
- The onager was maintained as a source of protein and appears to have been used to
pull chariots
Cattle were used as pack and draught animals before horses
- On the Asian steppes, the horse had the advantage over cattle of being hardier, faster,
and requiring less water
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
- The horse supplanted the ox as a pack animal
- The horse was not used extensively as a draught animal until the agriculture revolution
in the 1700/ the invention of machinery
The horse in society 1:
1. Protein source
2. Transportation of goods
3. Agriculture labor (use of horses for this would be minimal before the agriculture
revolution)
The next major role the horse would play would be of the warhorse
- Started about 4,000 years ago
- Lots of evidence to say that if it wasn’t for the warhorse, war and the world we live in
today would not be the same
The first warhorse were chariot horses
- Control of chariot was 2-handed and the brakes were crude (direct pulling down on the
nose to slow breathing)
- There were limitations on where you could go with these horse due to land
- You needed two people to use this type of horse: one to direct the horse and another to
fight
1800 BCE: chariot warfare with horses
1750-1700 BCE: migration of warhorse south, east, and west
1700-1600 BCE: warhorse brought to Egypt by nomadic Hyksos
1400 BCE: Kikkulis outlined conditioning techniques still in use today
1100 BCE: horse drawn carts in central and western Europe (good now being transferred into
Europe)
890 BCE: Assyrian army had mounted cavalry
The first known written instruction on the conditioning of chariot horses was set on clay tablets
aroung 1400 BC
- Descriptions laid out on the clay tablets were dictated by Kikkulis
- Method outlined by Kikkulis involving interval training techniques using principles of
progression, peak loading systems, electrolyte replacement theory, fartlek training,
interval and repetitions that continue to be used today
First authenticated reference of cavalry was with the Assyrian army in 890 BC
Requirments for effective mounted warfare:
- Horses neededto be stronger and with endurance
- Selective breeding for size and strength
- Grain supplies of agrarian societies with fertile land (travel with grain)
- Knowledge of horsmenship
A fundamental tool of horsemanship is control of the horse. Todays bit is little changed from
the bits that were developed and used five thousand years ago:
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
We know that horses were hunted for meat 10,000 years ago; would not be the easiest prey due to hoe fast they are and can run a long way. Today, at least in north america, we are looking at horse a little differently: American horse slaughter prevention act: which prohibited shipping, transport, moving, delivering, receiving, processing, purchasing, selling or donation of horses and other equines to be slaughtered for human consumption and for other purposes. It is not illegal in the us to slaughter horses for human consumption but there are no horse slaughter facilities in the us. We now look at horses we are going to adopt instead of buying a horse. Aryan people (on asian steppes between the black and caspian seas) domesticated the horse at least 6,000 years ago. The first equids domesticated were the: tarpan, onager, and ass.
