POPM 3240 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Null Hypothesis, Reporting Bias, Selection Bias

• School: University of Guelph
• Department: Population Medicine
• Course: POPM 3240
• Professor: Cathy Bauman

Document Summary

Confounding (non-causal): characteristic + another factor disease. Direct: factor directly causes disease (no intermediate step) Indirect: intermediate step(s), more common in human biology. Necessary and sufficient: without factor, disease never develops, and with factor, it always does (rare) Necessary but not sufficient: need factor to develop disease (cid:271)ut (cid:272)a(cid:374)"t do so (cid:271)(cid:455) itself. Sufficient but not necessary: factor alone can produce disease but so can other factors. Good criteria for infectious disease: organism always found with disease, not found with any other disease, organism can be extracted and cultured, produces disease in a susceptible host. Factors that influence whether or not this combo is sufficient. Bias: any systematic error in the design, conduct, or analysis of a study that results in a (cid:373)istake(cid:374) esti(cid:373)ate of a(cid:374) e(cid:454)posu(cid:396)e"s effe(cid:272)t o(cid:374) the disease risk. Selecting cases and controls (exposed and non-exposed) so that an association is observed that in reality is not there.