SSH 105 Study Guide - Final Guide: Logical Reasoning, Fallibilism, Confirmation Bias

• School: Ryerson University
• Department: Social Sciences and Humanities
• Course: SSH 105
• Professor: Klaas Kraay

Document Summary

Key terms premise, statement, conclusion, proposition, argument, interrogative/imperative/declarative. Critical thinking the systematic evaluation of arguments using rational standards. Self-defeating views about truth (all deny something about truth or knowledge) Two models of truth: coherence true if coherent/consistent with a system of well supported propositions, correspondence true if corresponds to reality/facts. 3 ingredients for propositional knowledge truth, belief, and justification. Fallibilism the view that a false belief can be rational/justifiable. Principles of belief: belief principle (bp) with any proposition, you can believe, disbelieve, or suspend judgement, rational belief (rb) if evidence regarding a proposition supports that proposition, it is rational to believe that proposition. If evidence does not support, it is rational to disbelieve that proposition. If evidence is neutral, it is rational to suspend judgement: proportional belief (pb) strength of belief = strength of evidence. Two ways a belief can be unjustified: motivational errors, failing to weigh evidence properly (confirmation bias, disconfirmation bias, easily accessible)