MHR 700- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 25 pages long!)
11 Oct 2017
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Culture: acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behaviour. This knowledge forms values, creates attitudes and influences behaviour. In some societies, top managers make all-important organizational decisions. In others, these decisions are diffused throughout the enterprise, and middle- and lower- level managers actively participate in, and make, key decisions. In some societies, organizational decision makers are risk averse and have great difficulty with conditions of uncertainty. In others, risk taking is encouraged, and decision making under uncertainty is common. In some countries, personnel who do outstanding work are given individual rewards in the form of bonuses and commissions. In others, cultural norms require group rewards, and individual rewards are frowned on. In some societies, much is accomplished through informal means. In others, formal procedures are set forth and followed rigidly. In some societies, people identify very strongly with their organization or employer. In others, people identify with their occupational group, such as engineer or mechanic.
