IND 712 Study Guide - Final Guide: Human Factors And Ergonomics, Ulnar Nerve Entrapment, Soltyrei
2 May 2018
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Sample short answer questions for Exam
Design of Controls & Display – Lecture 04/05
1. For a control that is activated by a small actuation force and has a small
range of continuous settings, what type of controls should be used?
- Joystick
- Knob
- Lever
JKL - small ppl learn the abc’s
2. For a control that is activated by a large actuation force and has 2 discrete
settings, what type of controls should be used?
- Hand push button
- Foot pedal
3. Over the years, many controls have become standardized. Provide 3 ex. of
this
- Steering Wheel for steering
- Joystick for airplanes
- Foot petals for braking and accelerating
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4. What is “control movement stereotypes”? Provide 3 examples. What are
the consequences of designing controls that contradicts such
stereotypes?
Control movement stereotypes: expectations about what to do with controls (trained
expectations)
aka Control Movement Stereotypes (vary by culture)
- Common expectations for control activation
- learned from childhood and experience
→ Consequences of contradiction:
- accidents
- more errors
Examples:
(1) turn light on by flipping the switch up
(2) turn light off by flipping the switch down
(3) turn steering wheel clockwise to turn right
(4) turn steering wheel counter-CW to turn left
(5) Raise overhead crane, move control vertically upwards
5. What is a “one-to-one” correspondence? Provide an example of a “one-to-
one” correspondence and a non “one-to-one” correspondence.
● one to one correspondence:
○ when the movements of the control are consistent with the controlled
element
■ Ex. of 1-to-1
● to raise overhead crane, move control vertically up
● steering wheel→ turn CW aka right to go right
■ Ex. of not 1-to-1
● to raise overhead crane, move control vertically down
● pull joystick backwards to raise airplane vertically
6. What is “negative transfer of training”?
Negative Transfer of Training- “layout orders” not the same
- revert to behaviour you learn first → errors → accidents
- apply what u learned in one environment to diff environment where it may not be
applicable
a. Ie. learn how to use the controls of a machine one way specified to the
crane, and then it the controls differs on another crane operating design—
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b. diff control box strap in cab than belt→ operators familiar with cab, have
trouble operating belt
c. IE. cups in different locations at your two houses; cottage and house
7. What is control response compatibility? What are the 5 levels of
compatibility? Give a sentence or example to describe/explain each.
- Compatibility refers to the relationship of stimuli and responses that are
consistent with human expectations, resulting in decreased errors and faster
response time.
- Control response Compatibility:
- how the layout is compatible with the user who performs the task using
the product
- The relationship of how the control and the response are consistent
with human expectation
FIVE LEVELS OF COMPATIBILITY (CAMS-M)
1. Conceptual
- How meaningful the codes are to the individuals using them
(eg. red is universal code for stop)
2. Affordance
- Perceived property results in the desired action
Eg. good affordance is door with handle that pulls open or door with a plate that pushes
to open
3. Movement
- Relationship between the movement of controls and resulting motion/display.
- eg. turn steering right to go right
4. Spatial mapping
- Physical arrangement of controls and displays
- eg. the right switch controls the right burner.
5. Modality
- Using same stimulus modality for both signal and response.
- Eg. verbal tasks (responses to verbal commands) best with auditory signals and
spoken responses. Spatial tasks (moving cursor to a target) are performed best
with a visual display and a manual response
(SCAMM)
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Document Summary
Foot pedal: over the years, many controls have become standardized. Control movement stereotypes: expectations about what to do with controls (trained expectations) aka control movement stereotypes (vary by culture) Provide an example of a one-to- one correspondence and a non one-to-one correspondence. When the movements of the control are consistent with the controlled element. Ex. of 1-to-1 to raise overhead crane, move control vertically up. Steering wheel turn cw aka right to go right. Ex. of not 1-to-1 to raise overhead crane, move control vertically down. Negative transfer of training- layout orders not the same revert to behaviour you learn first errors accidents. Give a sentence or example to describe/explain each. Compatibility refers to the relationship of stimuli and responses that are consistent with human expectations, resulting in decreased errors and faster response time. Control response compatibility: how the layout is compatible with the user who performs the task using the product.
