BIOL 110 Study Guide - Final Guide: Guanine, Thymine, Human Hair Color
25 Nov 2015
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Document Summary
Genetics: inherited variations and traits that affect all aspects of your life, divided into seven categories (dna, genes, chromosomes, genome, individual, family, population) Dna: deoxyribonucleic acid, double helix structure, a polymer consisting of a chain of nucleotides, made from phosphate, sugar, and bases (guanine, thymine, adenine, cytosine) Genes: basic unit of inheritance, composed of numerous dna nucleotides which form proteins (ex. Chromosomes: comprised of 1000"s of genes to form one large molecule. Genotype: refers to a combination of alleles denoted with letters (ex. Phenotype: a define trait that results from a genotype (ex. Homologous chromosomes: 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and 23rd pair of allosomes/sex chromosomes. Karyotype: a chart of chromosomes organized by the size of the chromosome pairs. Genome: all of the genes present in an organism, about 20,000 organized into 23 pairs of 46 chromosomes. Somatic cells: most cells in your body, autosomal. Germline cells: gametes (sperm and egg) produced within the testes or ovaries.
