BIOLOGY 1A03 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: 10 Nanometer, Imidazole, Chromosome

• School: McMaster University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOLOGY 1A03
• Professor: Lovaye Kajiura

Document Summary

Identity dna as the hereditary molecule in cell. Identify location of genomes in the cell. In prokaryotes: dna mostly found in bacterial chromosome, singular circular molecule folded in several loops > nucleoid region. Plasmid: small circular dna molecules that carry 1-2 genes (antibiotic resistance genes, can replicate independently from core genes in nuceloid, transferred from one cell to another, > antibiotic resistance. E - coli > circular chromosome supercoiled 100 loops, has proteins attached. Supercoiling preserves double helix, compacts dna into a small space. Extra- chromosomal dna molecules carry extra genes vital for survival. Genomic map shows position of genes on prokaryote chromosome. Cluster of genes (operon) involved in sugar metabolism lactose, another cluster is responsible for leucine synthesis. The streptococcus bacteria may be virulent or benign. One strain caused death, the other had no effect when injected in mouse. Pasteurizing food involves heating food to eliminate pathogens: macromolecules are still there but are dead.