ECON-2006EG Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Diminishing Returns, Demand Curve, Price Discrimination

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ceruleanraccoon367

7 Mar 2021

School

Laurentian

Department

Economics / Science Èconomique

Course

ECON-2006EG

Professor

Byron Eastman

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Document Summary

Demand curve: the relationship between price and quantity demanded of a particular product. Factors influencing demand: price of substitutes (rival products) and complements, consumer income. Normal goods: demanded more when income increases and less when income falls. Inferior goods: demanded more when income level falls and demanded less when income increases: tastes and preferences advertising can play two roles: provides consumers with information about products, and trying to change tastes and preferences, price expectations. Law of demand: ceteris parabus, as the price of a product falls, more will be demanded. Elasticity: measure of responsiveness of demand to a change in price. Determinants of elasticity: number of substitutes, demand, definition of the market. Elasticity: percentage change in quantity demanded/percentage change in price. Inelastic demand: below 1, a change in price will lead to a proportionately smaller change in the quantity demanded. Income elasticity: measures the responsiveness of demand to a change in income:

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Discussion #1

The law of demand states that a fall in the price of a good raises the quantity demanded, and the increase in price leads to a decrease in quantity demanded. The price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to a change in price. Demand for a good is said to be elastic if the quantity demanded responds substantially to changes in the price, and the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in price. Demand is said to be inelastic if the quantity demanded responds only slightly to changes in the price, which indicates that the percentage in price is greater than the percentage in quantity demanded.

However, the extent of responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price depends on the nature of a particular good or service in the market. The price elasticity of demand partly depends on the availability of close substitutes. When a large number of substitutes are available, consumers respond to a higher price of a good by buying more of the substitute goods and less of the relatively more expensive good. In addition, goods or services that are considered necessities tend to have less elastic (more inelastic) demand, whereas goods or services that are considered luxuries have more elastic (less inelastic) demands.

Explain why the demand for the good or service provided by the organization you work for is elastic or inelastic. How does this influence pricing decisions?
Provide examples on how the availability of close substitutes affects price elasticity of demand.
Give specific examples of necessities or luxuries, and explain how they affect price elasticity of goods or services.

Please answer ALL bulletins and place the answers under the correct bulletin.

29. Given the following demand and cost functions, determine the output and sales level that maximize profit.
Demand Function: Q = 25- P; Cost Function: TC = 20+5Q +Q2 (Points : 1) 20 Units
200 Units
5 Units
None of the Above

30. Assume the price of product B, increases from $1 to $1.50. As a result, the quantity demanded of product "A increases from 500 to 600 a month. This indicates that the cross-price elasticity and relationship between the two products. (Points : 1)

.50, Substitutes
.45, Substitutes
.45, Complements
.50, Complements
Products are not related

31. Given the marginal revenue from a product is $15 and the price elasticity of demand is -1.2, what is the price of the product? (Points : 1)

Not enough Information
$8
$88
$42
$68

32. Given the demand function: QD = -10-2.1 P +.62 Y. Where P is price and Y is Income (Points : 1)

For a 1% increase in price, quantity demanded falls by 2.1%
For a 1% increase in price, quantity demanded increases by .62%.
For a 1% decrease in price, quantity demanded increases by 2.72%
None of the above

interval (or arc) elasticity

cross-price elasticity

price elasticity of demand

elastic demand

income elasticity

inelastic demand

inframarginal units

marginal revenue

point elasticity

price effect

quantity effect

total revenue

unitary elastic demand

1. __________________ A measure of consumersâ sensitivity or responsiveness to changes in the price of a good or service.

2. ___________________ When the percentage change in price (in absolute value) is more than the percentage change in quantity demanded (in absolute value).

3. ___________________ When the percentage change in quantity demanded (in absolute value) is more than the percentage change in price (in absolute value).

4. ___________________ When the percentage change in quantity demanded (in absolute value) is just equal to the percentage change in price (in absolute value).

5. ___________________ Total amount paid to a producer for a good or service P * Q.

6. ___________________ The effect on total revenue of a change in price, holding quantity constant.

7. ___________________ The effect on total revenue of a change in quantity, holding price constant.

8. ___________________ An elasticity calculated over an interval of a demand curve or demand schedule.

9. ___________________ Elasticity at a specific price or point on a demand curve.

10. ___________________ A measure of how responsive quantity demanded is to a change in income, all other things constant.

11. ___________________ A measure showing how responsive the quantity demanded of one good is to changes in the price of another good, other factors constant.

12. ___________________ The additional revenue received by producing and selling one more unit of output.

13. ___________________ Units of output that could have been sold at a higher price had the firm not lowered its price to sell additional (marginal) units.

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ECON-2006EG Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Diminishing Returns, Demand Curve, Price Discrimination

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