BIOC2000 Study Guide - Final Guide: Glycogen, Atp Synthase, Hexokinase
Saturday, 2 June, 2018
Revision notes Summary
RIDGE
Gloucose 01
-Flux – amount of “flow” along a pathway
-◦ Determined by input, output and activity of enzymes in the pathway
-Pools – amounts of molecules
-◦ Filled and emptied by pathways
-◦ Substrate pool, energy pool, electron pool, nutrient pool
-◦ Some pools have a limited, fixed size (important aspect of “talk” between pathways)
-Space & time – not all pathways necessarily occur: ◦ At the same time
-◦ In the same place (different organs, organelles)
Glucose 02
-Glucose Is the major source of energy in the diet.
-Broken down to pyruvate ◦ Requires ATP, NAD+ input (Glucose to G6P; F6P to F1,6
BP,GA3P to 1,3 BGP form NADH) ◦ Yields ATP and NADH (1,3 BPG to 3 PG; PEP to
pyruvate)
-Pyruvate can be:
-◦ Converted to Acetyl CoA (O2 present) ◦ Converted to lactate (O2 limiting) (accepting
NADH to yield energy)
-Regulated by hormonal signals; feedback ◦ Key regulation at PFK (F6P to F1,6 BP;
stimulated by 1. F2,6BP from activating PFK2 with F6P small amount; 2. ADP; inhibited
by ATP and citrate )
Glucose 03
-Acetyl CoA is fed into the TCA cycle ◦ Loss of 2C as CO2
-◦ Production of reduced e- carriers
-The TCA cycle:
-◦ Direction determined by irreversible reactions (esp. CO2-producing)
-◦ OAA consumed and then reformed
-◦ Amphibolic (either breakdown or synthesis)
-◦ Intermediates moved via shuttles
1
Document Summary
Flux amount of flow along a pathway. Determined by input, output and activity of enzymes in the pathway. Substrate pool, energy pool, electron pool, nutrient pool. Some pools have a limited, fixed size (important aspect of talk between pathways) Space & time not all pathways necessarily occur: at the same time. In the same place (different organs, organelles) Glucose is the major source of energy in the diet. Broken down to pyruvate requires atp, nad+ input (glucose to g6p; f6p to f1,6. Bp,ga3p to 1,3 bgp form nadh) yields atp and nadh (1,3 bpg to 3 pg; pep to pyruvate) Converted to acetyl coa (o2 present) converted to lactate (o2 limiting) (accepting. Regulated by hormonal signals; feedback key regulation at pfk (f6p to f1,6 bp; stimulated by 1. F2,6bp from activating pfk2 with f6p small amount; 2. Acetyl coa is fed into the tca cycle loss of 2c as co2. Direction determined by irreversible reactions (esp.
